C语言进阶课程学习记录-第24课 - #pragma 使用分析

本文学习自狄泰软件学院 唐佐林老师的 C语言进阶课程，图片全部来源于课程PPT，仅用于个人学习记录

#pragma

实验-#pragma message

#include <stdio.h>

#if defined(ANDROID20)
    #pragma message("Compile Android SDK 2.0...")
    #define VERSION "Android 2.0"
#elif defined(ANDROID23)
    #pragma message("Compile Android SDK 2.3...")
    #define VERSION "Android 2.3"
#elif defined(ANDROID40)
    #pragma message("Compile Android SDK 4.0...")
    #define VERSION "Android 4.0"
#else
    #error Compile Version is not provided!
#endif

int main()
{
    printf("%s\n", VERSION);

    return 0;
}

cmd窗口运行

D:\Users\cy\Cxuexi\gccLearn\24-1>gcc 24-1.c
24-1.c:13:6: error: #error Compile Version is not provided!
     #error Compile Version is not provided!
      ^~~~~
24-1.c: In function 'main':
24-1.c:18:20: error: 'VERSION' undeclared (first use in this function)
     printf("%s\n", VERSION);
                    ^~~~~~~
24-1.c:18:20: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in


D:\Users\cy\Cxuexi\gccLearn\24-1>gcc -DANDROID20 24-1.c
24-1.c:4:13: note: #pragma message: Compile Android SDK 2.0...
     #pragma message("Compile Android SDK 2.0...")
             ^~~~~~~

D:\Users\cy\Cxuexi\gccLearn\24-1>gcc -DANDROID23 24-1.c
24-1.c:7:13: note: #pragma message: Compile Android SDK 2.3...
     #pragma message("Compile Android SDK 2.3...")
             ^~~~~~~

D:\Users\cyz1994\Cxuexi\gccLearn\24-1>a.exe
Android 2.3

实验-pragma once

//global.h
#pragma once//不是所有编译器都支持此命令

int g_value = 1;

#include <stdio.h>
#include "global.h"
#include "global.h"

int main()
{
    printf("g_value = %d\n", g_value);

    return 0;
}

bcc编译报错

gcc编译成功

D:\Users\cy\Cxuexi\gccLearn\test>gcc test.c

D:\Users\cy\Cxuexi\gccLearn\test>a.exe
g_value = 1

global.h代码优化

//global.h
#ifndef _GLOBAL_H_//防止编译器不支持，添加条件编译
#def _GLOBAL_H_
#pragma once//

int g_value = 1;
#endif

#pragma pack

#pragma pack(4)
struct Test1
{				//对齐参数  偏移地址 大小
    char  c1;	//1        0		1
    short s;	//2        2		2
    char  c2;	//1        4		1
    int   i;	//4        8		4
};
#pragma pack()

对齐参数 =min(pack内部数字，数据类型字节数)
偏移地址必须是对齐参数的整数倍
大小=数据类型字节数

实验

#include <stdio.h>

#pragma pack(2)
struct Test1
{             //对齐参数  偏移地址 大小
    char  c1;   //1        0		1
    short s;    //2      2     2
    char  c2;   //1     4      1
    int   i;    //2     6      4
};
#pragma pack()

#pragma pack(4)
struct Test2
{				//对齐参数  偏移地址 大小
    char  c1;	//1        0		1
    char  c2;	//1        1		1
    short s;	//2        2		2
    int   i;	//4        4		4
};
#pragma pack()

int main()
{
    printf("sizeof(Test1) = %d\n", sizeof(struct Test1));
    printf("sizeof(Test2) = %d\n", sizeof(struct Test2));

    return 0;
}

/*
output:
sizeof(Test1) = 10
sizeof(Test2) = 8

*/

#include <stdio.h>

#pragma pack(8)//有些编译器不支持，采取默认字节对齐

struct S1
{			//对齐参数  偏移地址 大小
    short a;//2     0       2
    long b;	//4     4       4
};

struct S2
{
    char c; 	//1		0	1
    struct S1 d;// 8    8    8
    double e;   //8     16   8
};

#pragma pack()

int main()
{
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(struct S1));
    printf("%d\n", sizeof(struct S2));

    return 0;
}
/*output:
8
24
*/

BCC编译器输出

小结

#pragma用于指示编译器完成一些特定的动作

#pragma所定义的很多指示字是编译器特有的

• #pragma message用于自定义编译消息
• #pragma once用于保证头文件只被编译一次
• #pragma pack用于指定内存对齐方式