一、内容提供器简介
内容提供器主要用于在不同的应用程序之间实现数据共享的功能,它提供了一套完整的机制,允许一个程序访问另一个程序中的数据,同时还能保证被访问数据的安全性。目前,使用内容提供器是Android实现跨程序共享数据的标准方式。
不同于文件存储和SharedPreferences存储中的两种全局可读写操作模式,内容提供器可以选择只对哪一部分数据进行共享,从而保证我们程序中的隐私数据不会有泄露的风险。
二、访问其他程序中的数据ContentResolver
对每一个应用程序来说,如果想要访问内容提供器中共享的数据,就一定要借助ContentResolver类,可以通过Context中的getContentResolver()方法获取到该类的实例。ContentResolver中提供了一系列的方法用于对数据进行CRUD操作。
不同于SQLiteDatabase,ContentResolver中的增删改查方法都是不接收表名参数的,而是使用一个Uri参数代替,有关Uri的知识可自行上网学习。
下面通过读取手机系统中的联系人示例来学习一下ContentResolver的用法:
编辑activity_main中的代码,如下所示:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <ListView android:id="@+id/contacts_list_view" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </LinearLayout> |
编辑MainActivity中的代码,如下所示:
public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity { ArrayAdapter<String> adapter; List<String> contactsList = new ArrayList<>(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ListView contactsListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.contacts_list_view); adapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, contactsList); contactsListView.setAdapter(adapter); // 检查权限 Android 6.0以上需要动态申请危险权限 if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, 1); } else { readContacts(); } } private void readContacts() { Cursor cursor = null; try { // 查询联系人数据 cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null); if (cursor != null) { while (cursor.moveToNext()) { // 获取联系人姓名 String contactName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME)); // 获取联系人手机号 String contactNumber = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER)); contactsList.add(contactName + "\n" + contactNumber); } } adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); // 刷新适配器数据 } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (cursor != null) { cursor.close(); } } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode) { case 1: if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { readContacts(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } break; default: break; } } } |
最后,在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加权限,如下所示:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/> |
三、创建自己的内容提供器
首先创建数据库,并添加两张表,如下所示:
public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { private static final String CREATE_TABLE_BOOK = "create table Book (" + "id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "author text, " + "price real, " + "pages integer, " + "name text);"; private static final String CREATE_TABLE_CATEGORY = "create table Category (" + "id integer primary key autoincrement, " + "category_name text, " + "category_code integer);"; private final Context mContext; public MyDatabaseHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); this.mContext = context; } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) { db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_BOOK); db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_CATEGORY); Toast.makeText(mContext, "Create database succeeded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) { db.execSQL("drop table if exists Book"); db.execSQL("drop table if exists Category"); onCreate(db); } } |
通过创建一个类去继承ContentProvider的方式来创建一个自己的内容提供器。新建DatebaseProvider类继承自ContentProvider,代码如下:
public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider { public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0; public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1; public static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2; public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3; public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.xiao.onecode.provider"; private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper; private static UriMatcher uriMatcher; static { uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_DIR); uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book/#", BOOK_ITEM); uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category", CATEGORY_DIR); uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category/#", CATEGORY_ITEM); } public DatabaseProvider() { } @Override public boolean onCreate() { dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookStore.db", null, 2); return true; } @Override public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // 删除数据 final SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int deleteRows = 0; switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case BOOK_DIR: deleteRows = db.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs); break; case BOOK_ITEM: String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); deleteRows = db.delete("Book", "id=?", new String[]{bookId}); break; case CATEGORY_DIR: deleteRows = db.delete("Category", selection, selectionArgs); break; case CATEGORY_ITEM: String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); deleteRows = db.delete("Category", "id=?", new String[]{categoryId}); break; default: break; } return deleteRows; } @Override public String getType(Uri uri) { switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case BOOK_DIR: return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.xiao.onecode.app.provider.book"; case BOOK_ITEM: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.xiao.onecode.app.provider.book"; case CATEGORY_DIR: return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.xiao.onecode.app.provider.category"; case CATEGORY_ITEM: return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.xiao.onecode.app.provider.category"; default: return null; } } @Override public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) { // 添加数据 final SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); Uri uriReturn = null; switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case BOOK_DIR: case BOOK_ITEM: final long newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values); uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + newBookId); break; case CATEGORY_DIR: case CATEGORY_ITEM: final long newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values); uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/category/" + newCategoryId); break; } return uriReturn; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { // 查询数据 final SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); Cursor cursor = null; switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case BOOK_DIR: cursor = db.query("Book", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder); break; case BOOK_ITEM: String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); cursor = db.query("Book", projection, "id=?", new String[]{bookId}, null, null, sortOrder); break; case CATEGORY_DIR: cursor = db.query("Category", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder); break; case CATEGORY_ITEM: String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); cursor = db.query("Category", projection, "id=?", new String[]{categoryId}, null, null, sortOrder); break; default: break; } return cursor; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // 更新数据 final SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase(); int updateRows = 0; switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) { case BOOK_DIR: updateRows = db.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs); break; case BOOK_ITEM: String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); updateRows = db.update("Book", values, "id=?", new String[]{bookId}); break; case CATEGORY_DIR: updateRows = db.update("Category", values, selection, selectionArgs); break; case CATEGORY_ITEM: String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1); updateRows = db.update("Category", values, "id=?", new String[]{categoryId}); break; default: break; } return updateRows; } } |
这里需要注意一下getType()方法,返回的是相应的MIME类型,一个内容URI对应的MIME字符串由3部分组成,如下:
- 必须以vnd开头。
- 如果内容URI以路径结尾,则后接android.cursor.dir/,如果内容URI以id结尾,则后接android.cursor.item/。
- 最后接上vnd.<authority>.<path>。
所以对于content://com.xiao.onecode.app.provider/table1这个内容URI,它所对应的MIME类型就可以写成vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.xiao.onecode.app.provider.table1;对于content://com.xiao.onecode.app.provider/table1/1这个内容URI,它所对应的MIME类型就可以写成vnd.android.cursor.item/com.xiao.onecode.app.provider.table1
至此,本应用程序的内容提供器已基本完成,可自己另写一个应用程序去做测试。