内容提供器（二 - 跨程序数据共享）

知识点：
ContentResolver中的增删改查方法都是不接受表名参数的，而是用Uri代替，这个参数被称为内容Uri.（由权限+路径组成）
最标准的格式：
content：//com.example.app.provider/table1
content：//com.example.app.provider/table1/1

使用Uri.parse（）方法，可以将上述字符串解析成Uri对象、

使用通配符分别匹配这两种格式的内容URI
规则：*：表示匹配任意长度的任意字符（查表）
#：表示匹配任意长度的数字（查行）

创建内容提供器的步骤
共重写6个方法：
1 onCreate（） 2 query（） 3 insert（） 4 update（） 5 delete（）
6 getType（）（根据传入的内容返回相应的MIME类型）

借助UriMatcher这个类可以实现匹配Uri的功能，根据传入的自定义代码，在传出，就可以匹配相应的增删改查CURD的操作。

实现 ：修改之前的DataBasetest 作为数据共享的对象

主活动的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
>
<Button
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="Create database"
    android:id="@+id/create_database"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Add data"
        android:id="@+id/add_data"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="update_data"
        android:id="@+id/update_data"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Delete_data"
        android:id="@+id/Delete_data"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Select_data"
        android:id="@+id/Select_data"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/replace_data"
        android:text="Replace data"/>
</LinearLayout>

主活动

package com.example.databasetest;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private  MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(this , "BookStore.db" ,null ,2);
        Button addData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add_data);
        addData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();//用于组装数据
                values.put("name","The Da Vinci Code");
                values.put("author","Dan Brown");
                values.put("pages","454");
                values.put("price","16.53");
                db.insert("Book" , null , values);//第二个参数用于未指定添加数据的情况下为可为空的列赋值为null
                values.clear();
                values.put("name","The Da Vinci Code1");
                values.put("author","Dan Brown1");
                values.put("pages","411");
                values.put("price","16.53");
                db.insert("Book" , null , values);


            }
        });
        Button updateData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.update_data);
        updateData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put("price" , 10.99);
                db.update("Book" ,values , "name = ?" ,new String[]{"The Da Vinci Code"});
            }
        });

        Button deleteButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Delete_data);
        deleteButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
                db.delete("Book","pages > ?", new String[]{"450"});
            }
        });

        Button selectDatabase = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Select_data);
        selectDatabase.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
               Cursor cursor = db.query("Book" , null ,null, null,null,null,null);
//
//                Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book"); 与上方的方法相同
//                Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null,
//                        null, null);
                System.out.println(cursor);
                if (cursor.moveToFirst()){
                    do{
                        String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
                        String author = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("author"));
                        int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pages"));
                        double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndex("price"));
                        Log.d("MainActicity" , name);
                        Log.d("MainActicity" , author);
                        Log.d("MainActicity" ,""+ pages);
                        Log.d("MainActicity" ,""+ price);

                    }while (cursor.moveToNext());
                }
                cursor.close();
            }
        });

        Button replaceData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.replace_data);
        replaceData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
                db.beginTransaction();//开启事务
                try{
                    db.delete("Book",null,null);
//                    if(true){//手动抛出一个异常
//                        throw new NullPointerException();
//                    }
                    ContentValues values =new ContentValues();
                    values.put("name","The Da Vinci Code22");
                    values.put("author","Dan Brown221");
                    values.put("pages","411");
                    values.put("price","16.53");
                    db.insert("Book" , null , values);
                    db.setTransactionSuccessful();//事务成功执行
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    db.endTransaction();//结束事务
                }
            }
        });
        Button createDatabase = (Button)findViewById(R.id.create_database);
        createDatabase.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
            }
        });
    }
}

AndroidManifest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.databasetest">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <provider
            android:name="com.example.databasetest.DatabaseProvider"

            android:authorities="com.example.databasetest.provider"

             android:exported="true">

        </provider>
    </application>

</manifest>

对数据操作重写的类

package com.example.databasetest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;


public class MyDatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    public static final String CREATE_BOOK ="create table Book("
            +" id integer primary key autoincrement , author text , "
            +"price real, pages integer , name text"
            + " ,category_id integer )";//在版本2的基础上增加外键;
    public static  final String CREATE_CATEGORY = "create table Category ("
            +"id integer primary key autoincrement,"
            +"category_name text ,"
            +"category_code integer)";

    private Context mContext;

    public   MyDatabaseHelper(Context context , String name , SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory , int verson){//CursorFactory为查询数据时返回自定义的Cursor
        super(context , name , factory , verson);
        mContext = context ;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
       // Toast.makeText(mContext,"Create succeed" ,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        db.execSQL(CREATE_BOOK);
        db.execSQL(CREATE_CATEGORY);
       // Log.d("MyDatabaseHelper", CREATE_BOOK);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {//对数据库进行升级  执行的条件是在创建时的版本号大于上一次的版本号
        Log.d("MyDatabaseHelper","zhangyu"+ oldVersion);
        switch (oldVersion){

            case 1:db.execSQL(CREATE_CATEGORY);
            case 2:db.execSQL("alter table Book add column category_id integer");
                //Log.d("MyDatabaseHelper","zhangyu"+ oldVersion);
            default:
        }
    }
}

内容提供

package com.example.databasetest;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Created by yuwei on 2016/9/21.
 */
public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider {
    public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;

    public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;

    public static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2;

    public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3;

    public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.databasetest.provider";
    private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
    private  MyDatabaseHelper databaseHelper;
    static {
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book",BOOK_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"book/#",BOOK_ITEM);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"category",CATEGORY_DIR);
        uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"category/#",CATEGORY_ITEM);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        databaseHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext() , "BookStore.db" ,null,2);
        return true;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = databaseHelper.getReadableDatabase();
        Cursor cursor = null ;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                cursor = db.query("Book",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);//将UIR权限之后的部分以/分开，并将结果放入一个字符串列表中，第0个位置是路径。1个位置是id
                cursor =  db.query("Book",projection,"id= ?",new String[]{bookId},null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                cursor = db.query("Category",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                cursor = db.query("Category",projection,"id= ?",new String[]{categoryId},null,null,sortOrder);
            default:
                break;
        }
        return cursor;

    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
     //   System.out.println(uri);
      //  System.out.println(values );
        SQLiteDatabase db = databaseHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        Uri uriReturn = null;
       // System.out.println(uriMatcher.match(uri));
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                long newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + newBookId);
         //       System.out.println("张玉玮");
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                long newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values);
                uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/category/" + newCategoryId);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return uriReturn;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        System.out.println(uri);
        SQLiteDatabase db = databaseHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        int updatedRows = 0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                updatedRows = db.update("Book" , values , selection ,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                System.out.println(uri);
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updatedRows = db.update("Book",values,"id=?",new String[]{bookId});
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                updatedRows = db.update("Category" , values , selection ,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                updatedRows = db.update("Category" , values , "id=?" ,new String[]{categoryId});
            default:
                break;
        }
        return updatedRows;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        SQLiteDatabase db = databaseHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        int deletedRows = 0;
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
            case BOOK_DIR:
                deletedRows = db.delete("Book" , selection ,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                deletedRows = db.delete("Book" , "id=?" ,new String[]{bookId});
                break;
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                deletedRows = db.delete("Category" , selection ,selectionArgs);
                break;
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                String categoeyId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
                deletedRows = db.delete("Category" , "id=?" ,new String[]{categoeyId});
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return deletedRows;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        System.out.println("我是getType");
        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
            case BOOK_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.book";
            case BOOK_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.book";
            case CATEGORY_DIR:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.category";
            case CATEGORY_ITEM:
                return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.category";
        }
        return null;
    }
}

用于查出或修改DataBaseTest共享的数据的app

package com.example.providertest;

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
   private String newId;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button addData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.add_data);
        addData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book");
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put("name","zhangyuwei");
                values.put("author","zhnagyuw");
                values.put("pages",400);
                values.put("price",22.85);
                System.out.println(uri);
                Uri newUri = getContentResolver().insert(uri , values);
                if(newUri == null){
                    System.out.println((1234));
                }
               newId = newUri.getPathSegments().get(1);//用于后来的更新和删除的id 使用这样的方法只能获得一条id 也就是说只能删除最近一条插入的id
            }
        });

        Button  queryData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.query_data);
        queryData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book");
                Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
            if(cursor!=null){
                while(cursor.moveToNext()){
                    String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
                    String author = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("author"));
                    int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("pages"));
                    double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndex("price"));
                    Log.d("MainActivity","book name is "+name);
                    Log.d("MainActivity","book author is "+author);
                    Log.d("MainActivity","book pages is "+pages);
                    Log.d("MainActivity","book price is "+price);

                }
            }
                cursor.close();

            }
        });

        Button updataData =(Button) findViewById(R.id.updata_data);
        updataData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book/"+newId);
                System.out.println(newId+"");
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put("name","zhangyuwe1121312i");
                values.put("author","zhnagy123123uw");
                values.put("pages",4010);
                values.put("price",22.815);
                getContentResolver().update(uri , values , null ,null);
            }
        });

        Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.delete_data);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book/"+newId);
                getContentResolver().delete(uri,null,null);
            }
        });

    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="addData"
        android:id="@+id/add_data"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="queryData"
        android:id="@+id/query_data"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/updata_data"
        android:text="updata_data"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="delete_data"
        android:id="@+id/delete_data"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true" />


</LinearLayout>

注意Uri的匹配问题，很容易 出错