Dubbo的可配置是通过SPI实现的，但他的SPI又不完全相同于JDK中的SPI。以下为官网SPI的介绍链接:点击打开链接
和Dubbo的SPI相关的class主要有2个，一个是ExtensionLoader<T>，另一个是ExtensionFactory，首先介绍第一个class，也就是ExtensionLoader。
1、 ExtensionLoader主要要3个函数入口点，分别为:getExtensionLoader,getAdaptiveExtension和getExtension。其中getExtensionLoader比较简单，首先判断EXTENSION_LOADERS是否已经存在对应type类型的装载类，有则直接返回，没有则调用对应构造函数，并put到EXTENSION_LOADERS中(省略掉了一些判断，详情可看源码)，如下：
public static <T> ExtensionLoader<T> getExtensionLoader(Class<T> type) {
//对type类型的一些判断
//从缓存中读取对应你类型的Classloader
ExtensionLoader<T> loader = (ExtensionLoader<T>) EXTENSION_LOADERS.get(type);
if (loader == null) {
EXTENSION_LOADERS.putIfAbsent(type, new ExtensionLoader<T>(type)); //调用构造函数ExtensionLoader
loader = (ExtensionLoader<T>) EXTENSION_LOADERS.get(type);
}
return loader;
}值得注意的是，在构造函数中，又调用ExtensionLoader的getExtensionLoader方法，
private ExtensionLoader(Class<?> type) {
this.type = type;
//排除type等于ExtensionFactory的类型，否则为死循环
objectFactory = (type == ExtensionFactory.class ? null : ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(ExtensionFactory.class).getAdaptiveExtension());
}接下来是第二个入口函数:getAdaptiveExtension
调用流程图：getAdaptiveExtension
public T getAdaptiveExtension() {
Object instance = cachedAdaptiveInstance.get();
if (instance == null) { //先判断缓存中是否存在
if (createAdaptiveInstanceError == null) { //多线程同步
synchronized (cachedAdaptiveInstance) {
instance = cachedAdaptiveInstance.get();
if (instance == null) {
try {//调用createAdaptiveExtension，看下面的解释
instance = createAdaptiveExtension(); //Javasisst生成的类对象
cachedAdaptiveInstance.set(instance);
} catch (Throwable t) {
createAdaptiveInstanceError = t;
throw new IllegalStateException("fail to create adaptive instance: " + t.toString(), t);
}
}
}
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("fail to create adaptive instance: " + createAdaptiveInstanceError.toString(), createAdaptiveInstanceError);
}
}
return (T) instance;
}若cachedAdaptiveInstance为空，则调用createAdaptiveExtension：
private T createAdaptiveExtension() {
try {
return injectExtension((T) getAdaptiveExtensionClass().newInstance());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Can not create adaptive extension " + type + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}其中injectExtension为将getAdaptiveExtensionClass返回值的实例，通过ExtensionFactory对其注入,我们现在主要看看
getAdaptiveExtensionClass()对象的返回值，
private Class<?> getAdaptiveExtensionClass() {
getExtensionClasses(); //装载所有SPI实现类
if (cachedAdaptiveClass != null) {
return cachedAdaptiveClass;
}
return cachedAdaptiveClass = createAdaptiveExtensionClass();
}在该方法中，首先调用getExtensionClasses()方法，我们进去看看在这个方法中他做了什么(看注解内容)：
private Map<String, Class<?>> getExtensionClasses() {
// cachedClasses持有的对象为Map<String,Class<?>>
// map的内容为, key : 实现了type类型的class的simpleName,如:spring
// value ：对应的实现类的 class<?>形式 SpringExtensionFactory.class
Map<String, Class<?>> classes = cachedClasses.get();
if (classes == null) {
synchronized (cachedClasses) {
classes = cachedClasses.get();
if (classes == null) {
classes = loadExtensionClasses();
cachedClasses.set(classes);
}
}
}
return classes;
}在getExtensionsClasses中调用了loadExtensionClasses()方法装载所有的SPI实现，源码如下:
private Map<String, Class<?>> loadExtensionClasses() {
final SPI defaultAnnotation = type.getAnnotation(SPI.class);
if (defaultAnnotation != null) {
//省略掉了，可以去看源码。 加了注解的type,设置cachedDefaultName的值
}
Map<String, Class<?>> extensionClasses = new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();
loadFile(extensionClasses, DUBBO_INTERNAL_DIRECTORY);
loadFile(extensionClasses, DUBBO_DIRECTORY);
loadFile(extensionClasses, SERVICES_DIRECTORY);
return extensionClasses;
}方法中，去三个路径去查找SPI配置文件，分别是:META-INF/dubbo/和META-INF/dubbo/internal还有META-INFO/services（这个为默认的SPI寻找路径），其中在ExtensionLoader对象中的开头部分已经看到对应配置了:
private static final String SERVICES_DIRECTORY = "META-INF/services/";
private static final String DUBBO_DIRECTORY = "META-INF/dubbo/";
private static final String DUBBO_INTERNAL_DIRECTORY = DUBBO_DIRECTORY + "internal/";接下来时loadFile函数的执行，也是SPI中比较重要的一个步骤，其实和标准SPI差不多，只是配置文件在dubbo中改成key=value形式，而标准SPI直接是只有value，但是dubbo的解析中也兼容了只能value形式的情况，取类的simpleName为key值，如:com.alibaba.com.common.extension.factory.AdaptiveExtensionFactory中的AdaptiveExtensionFactory为key值，在读取配置文件的同时，往cachedWrapperClasses(保存的是对象适配器模式下的对应type的实现类),cachedActivates(带有Activate注解的键值对key为class的simpleName,value是对应的Activate)填充内容，源代码如下，应该都看的懂。
private void loadFile(Map<String, Class<?>> extensionClasses, String dir) {
String fileName = dir + type.getName();
try {
Enumeration<java.net.URL> urls;
ClassLoader classLoader = findClassLoader();
if (classLoader != null) { //urls获取的是SPI的配置文件
urls = classLoader.getResources(fileName);
} else {
urls = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fileName);
}
if (urls != null) {
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
java.net.URL url = urls.nextElement();
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(url.openStream(), "utf-8"));
try {
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
final int ci = line.indexOf('#');
if (ci >= 0) line = line.substring(0, ci);
line = line.trim();
if (line.length() > 0) {
try {
String name = null;
int i = line.indexOf('=');
if (i > 0) { //解析配置文件的键值对, name等于是key, line等于value
name = line.substring(0, i).trim();
line = line.substring(i + 1).trim();
}
if (line.length() > 0) {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(line, true, classLoader);
if (!type.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Error when load extension class(interface: " +
type + ", class line: " + clazz.getName() + "), class "
+ clazz.getName() + "is not subtype of interface.");
}
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(Adaptive.class)) {
if (cachedAdaptiveClass == null) {
cachedAdaptiveClass = clazz;
} else if (!cachedAdaptiveClass.equals(clazz)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("More than 1 adaptive class found: "
+ cachedAdaptiveClass.getClass().getName()
+ ", " + clazz.getClass().getName());
}
} else {
try {//是否为对象适配器模式的calss
clazz.getConstructor(type);
Set<Class<?>> wrappers = cachedWrapperClasses;
if (wrappers == null) {
cachedWrapperClasses = new ConcurrentHashSet<Class<?>>();
wrappers = cachedWrapperClasses;
}
wrappers.add(clazz);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
clazz.getConstructor();
if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
name = findAnnotationName(clazz);
if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
if (clazz.getSimpleName().length() > type.getSimpleName().length()
&& clazz.getSimpleName().endsWith(type.getSimpleName())) {
name = clazz.getSimpleName().substring(0, clazz.getSimpleName().length() - type.getSimpleName().length()).toLowerCase();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("No such extension name for the class " + clazz.getName() + " in the config " + url);
}
}
}
String[] names = NAME_SEPARATOR.split(name);//兼容标准SPI下的解析，取simpleName为key值
if (names != null && names.length > 0) {
Activate activate = clazz.getAnnotation(Activate.class);
if (activate != null) {
cachedActivates.put(names[0], activate);
}
for (String n : names) {
if (!cachedNames.containsKey(clazz)) {
cachedNames.put(clazz, n);
}
Class<?> c = extensionClasses.get(n);
if (c == null) {
extensionClasses.put(n, clazz);
} else if (c != clazz) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Duplicate extension " + type.getName() + " name " + n + " on " + c.getName() + " and " + clazz.getName());
}
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException("Failed to load extension class(interface: " + type + ", class line: " + line + ") in " + url + ", cause: " + t.getMessage(), t);
exceptions.put(line, e);
}
}
} // end of while read lines
} finally {
reader.close();
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.error("Exception when load extension class(interface: " +
type + ", class file: " + url + ") in " + url, t);
}
} // end of while urls
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.error("Exception when load extension class(interface: " +
type + ", description file: " + fileName + ").", t);
}
}这些都执行完以后，回到getAdaptiveExtensionClass()函数，在装载完后执行createAdaptiveExtensionClass()
//通过javasisst生成对应类对象
private Class<?> createAdaptiveExtensionClass() {
String code = createAdaptiveExtensionClassCode();
ClassLoader classLoader = findClassLoader();
com.alibaba.dubbo.common.compiler.Compiler compiler = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(com.alibaba.dubbo.common.compiler.Compiler.class).getAdaptiveExtension();
return compiler.compile(code, classLoader);
}在这个函数里执行了createAdaptiveExtensionClassCode(),建议先看看javasist官网，一个操作字节码的类库，可以类比ASM,CGLIB,byteBuddy，如果只是使用看官网的文档就可以理解，这段代码跟着看一遍就能理解他是怎么实现的，
private String createAdaptiveExtensionClassCode() {
StringBuilder codeBuidler = new StringBuilder();
Method[] methods = type.getMethods();
boolean hasAdaptiveAnnotation = false;
for (Method m : methods) {
if (m.isAnnotationPresent(Adaptive.class)) {
hasAdaptiveAnnotation = true;
break;
}
}
// no need to generate adaptive class since there's no adaptive method found.
if (!hasAdaptiveAnnotation)
throw new IllegalStateException("No adaptive method on extension " + type.getName() + ", refuse to create the adaptive class!");
codeBuidler.append("package " + type.getPackage().getName() + ";");
codeBuidler.append("\nimport " + ExtensionLoader.class.getName() + ";");
codeBuidler.append("\npublic class " + type.getSimpleName() + "$Adaptive" + " implements " + type.getCanonicalName() + " {");
for (Method method : methods) {
Class<?> rt = method.getReturnType();
Class<?>[] pts = method.getParameterTypes();
Class<?>[] ets = method.getExceptionTypes();
Adaptive adaptiveAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Adaptive.class);
StringBuilder code = new StringBuilder(512);
if (adaptiveAnnotation == null) {
code.append("throw new UnsupportedOperationException(\"method ")
.append(method.toString()).append(" of interface ")
.append(type.getName()).append(" is not adaptive method!\");");
} else {
int urlTypeIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < pts.length; ++i) {
if (pts[i].equals(URL.class)) {
urlTypeIndex = i;
break;
}
}
// found parameter in URL type
if (urlTypeIndex != -1) {
// Null Point check
String s = String.format("\nif (arg%d == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"url == null\");",
urlTypeIndex);
code.append(s);
s = String.format("\n%s url = arg%d;", URL.class.getName(), urlTypeIndex);
code.append(s);
}
// did not find parameter in URL type
else {
String attribMethod = null;
// find URL getter method
LBL_PTS:
for (int i = 0; i < pts.length; ++i) {
Method[] ms = pts[i].getMethods();
for (Method m : ms) {
String name = m.getName();
if ((name.startsWith("get") || name.length() > 3)
&& Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())
&& !Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())
&& m.getParameterTypes().length == 0
&& m.getReturnType() == URL.class) {
urlTypeIndex = i;
attribMethod = name;
break LBL_PTS;
}
}
}
if (attribMethod == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("fail to create adaptive class for interface " + type.getName()
+ ": not found url parameter or url attribute in parameters of method " + method.getName());
}
// Null point check
String s = String.format("\nif (arg%d == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"%s argument == null\");",
urlTypeIndex, pts[urlTypeIndex].getName());
code.append(s);
s = String.format("\nif (arg%d.%s() == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"%s argument %s() == null\");",
urlTypeIndex, attribMethod, pts[urlTypeIndex].getName(), attribMethod);
code.append(s);
s = String.format("%s url = arg%d.%s();", URL.class.getName(), urlTypeIndex, attribMethod);
code.append(s);
}
String[] value = adaptiveAnnotation.value();
// value is not set, use the value generated from class name as the key
if (value.length == 0) {
char[] charArray = type.getSimpleName().toCharArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++) {
if (Character.isUpperCase(charArray[i])) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append(".");
}
sb.append(Character.toLowerCase(charArray[i]));
} else {
sb.append(charArray[i]);
}
}
value = new String[]{sb.toString()};
}
boolean hasInvocation = false;
for (int i = 0; i < pts.length; ++i) {
if (pts[i].getName().equals("com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invocation")) {
// Null Point check
String s = String.format("\nif (arg%d == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"invocation == null\");", i);
code.append(s);
s = String.format("\nString methodName = arg%d.getMethodName();", i);
code.append(s);
hasInvocation = true;
break;
}
}
String defaultExtName = cachedDefaultName;
String getNameCode = null;
for (int i = value.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
if (i == value.length - 1) {
if (null != defaultExtName) {
if (!"protocol".equals(value[i]))
if (hasInvocation)
getNameCode = String.format("url.getMethodParameter(methodName, \"%s\", \"%s\")", value[i], defaultExtName);
else
getNameCode = String.format("url.getParameter(\"%s\", \"%s\")", value[i], defaultExtName);
else
getNameCode = String.format("( url.getProtocol() == null ? \"%s\" : url.getProtocol() )", defaultExtName);
} else {
if (!"protocol".equals(value[i]))
if (hasInvocation)
getNameCode = String.format("url.getMethodParameter(methodName, \"%s\", \"%s\")", value[i], defaultExtName);
else
getNameCode = String.format("url.getParameter(\"%s\")", value[i]);
else
getNameCode = "url.getProtocol()";
}
} else {
if (!"protocol".equals(value[i]))
if (hasInvocation)
getNameCode = String.format("url.getMethodParameter(methodName, \"%s\", \"%s\")", value[i], defaultExtName);
else
getNameCode = String.format("url.getParameter(\"%s\", %s)", value[i], getNameCode);
else
getNameCode = String.format("url.getProtocol() == null ? (%s) : url.getProtocol()", getNameCode);
}
}
code.append("\nString extName = ").append(getNameCode).append(";");
// check extName == null?
String s = String.format("\nif(extName == null) " +
"throw new IllegalStateException(\"Fail to get extension(%s) name from url(\" + url.toString() + \") use keys(%s)\");",
type.getName(), Arrays.toString(value));
code.append(s);
s = String.format("\n%s extension = (%<s)%s.getExtensionLoader(%s.class).getExtension(extName);",
type.getName(), ExtensionLoader.class.getSimpleName(), type.getName());
code.append(s);
// return statement
if (!rt.equals(void.class)) {
code.append("\nreturn ");
}
s = String.format("extension.%s(", method.getName());
code.append(s);
for (int i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
if (i != 0)
code.append(", ");
code.append("arg").append(i);
}
code.append(");");
}
codeBuidler.append("\npublic " + rt.getCanonicalName() + " " + method.getName() + "(");
for (int i = 0; i < pts.length; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
codeBuidler.append(", ");
}
codeBuidler.append(pts[i].getCanonicalName());
codeBuidler.append(" ");
codeBuidler.append("arg" + i);
}
codeBuidler.append(")");
if (ets.length > 0) {
codeBuidler.append(" throws ");
for (int i = 0; i < ets.length; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
codeBuidler.append(", ");
}
codeBuidler.append(ets[i].getCanonicalName());
}
}
codeBuidler.append(" {");
codeBuidler.append(code.toString());
codeBuidler.append("\n}");
}
codeBuidler.append("\n}");
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(codeBuidler.toString());
}
return codeBuidler.toString();
}最后的返回值为class的实现字符串表示，我以Protocl接口为例子，最生成的字符串如下:
package com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.common.extension.ExtensionLoader;
public class Protocol$Adaptive implements com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol {
public void destroy() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("method public abstract void com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.destroy() of interface com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol is not adaptive method!");
}
public int getDefaultPort() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("method public abstract int com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.getDefaultPort() of interface com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol is not adaptive method!");
}
public com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Exporter export(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker arg0) throws com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException {
if (arg0 == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument == null");
if (arg0.getUrl() == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker argument getUrl() == null");
com.alibaba.dubbo.common.URL url = arg0.getUrl();
String extName = ( url.getProtocol() == null ? "dubbo" : url.getProtocol() );
if(extName == null) throw new IllegalStateException("Fail to get extension(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url(" + url.toString() + ") use keys([protocol])");
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol extension = (com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol)ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.class).getExtension(extName);
return extension.export(arg0);
}
public com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Invoker refer(java.lang.Class arg0, com.alibaba.dubbo.common.URL arg1) throws com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcException {
if (arg1 == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");
com.alibaba.dubbo.common.URL url = arg1;
String extName = ( url.getProtocol() == null ? "dubbo" : url.getProtocol() );
if(extName == null) throw new IllegalStateException("Fail to get extension(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol) name from url(" + url.toString() + ") use keys([protocol])");
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol extension = (com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol)ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Protocol.class).getExtension(extName);
return extension.refer(arg0, arg1);
}
}由生成的class对象可以看出，在方法调用中，又通过ExtensionLoader去读取对应的实现类，而实现类可通过调用参数中的URL读取到，也就是用户在Spring配置文件中设置的对应的参数，在没有配置参数的情况下都调用默认的实现也就是在SPI配置文件中的对应的dubbo的实现。
接下来我们看看在ExtensionLoader中另外一个比较重要的函数的实现getExtension，流程图如下
public T getExtension(String name) {
//省略了一些内容判断的内容，不是太重要
Holder<Object> holder = cachedInstances.get(name);
if (holder == null) {
cachedInstances.putIfAbsent(name, new Holder<Object>());
holder = cachedInstances.get(name);
}
Object instance = holder.get();
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (holder) {
instance = holder.get();
if (instance == null) {
instance = createExtension(name);
holder.set(instance);
}
}
}
return (T) instance;从实现中可以看出，先从缓存中读取，如果不存在则调用createExtension(name)方法，实现如下，注意注释部分:
private T createExtension(String name) {
Class<?> clazz = getExtensionClasses().get(name);
if (clazz == null) {
throw findException(name);
}
try {
T instance = (T) EXTENSION_INSTANCES.get(clazz);
if (instance == null) {
EXTENSION_INSTANCES.putIfAbsent(clazz, (T) clazz.newInstance());
instance = (T) EXTENSION_INSTANCES.get(clazz);
}
injectExtension(instance); //如果是对象设计模式的class则设置对应的实现类
Set<Class<?>> wrapperClasses = cachedWrapperClasses;
if (wrapperClasses != null && wrapperClasses.size() > 0) {
for (Class<?> wrapperClass : wrapperClasses) { //返回值为可以以Type为参数的构造函数的Class的SPI对应文件的最后一个
//将上一个的instance作为下一个Wrapper的构成函数的参数，形成调用链
instance = injectExtension((T) wrapperClass.getConstructor(type).newInstance(instance));
}
}
return instance;
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Extension instance(name: " + name + ", class: " +
type + ") could not be instantiated: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
}这个方法先调用了getExtensionClasses,先装载对应的配置文件，详细信息上面已经提到过了。最后返回的对象就是函数的输入参数的对应的SPI配置中的实现类，如果type包括对应的wrapper，则包装成调用链返回(类似于Filter的实现)。
这就是dubbo自定义SPI实现的主要细节，其他的剩下的几个方法，都比较好理解,而ExtensionFacotry的主要几个实现类都比较好理解，这里不做详细描述。
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