Spring表达式语言——SpEL
Spring表达式语语言(简称SpEL)是一个支持运行时查询和操作对象图的强大的表达式语言。其为Bean的属性进行动态赋值提供了便利
SpEL使用#{...}作为定界符,所有在大括号中的字符都将被认为是SpEL。
通过SpEL可以实现:
- 通过bean的id对bean进行引用
- 调用方法以及引用对象中的属性
- 计算表达式的值
- 正则表达式的匹配
1. 字面量:
为字面量赋值是以下形式:
整数:<property name = "xx" value = "#{5}"/>
小数:<property name = "xx" value = "#{89.7}"/>
科学技术法:<property name = "xx" value = "#{1e4}"/>
Spring可以使用单引号或双引号作为字符串的定界符号:
<property name = "xx" value = "#{'tom'}"/>
或者:<property name = "xx" value = "#{"Tom"}"/>
Boolean类型:
<property name = "xx" value = "#{false}"/>
2. 引用Bean,属性和方法
2.1 应用其他对象:
<!-- 通过value属性和SpEL配置Bean直接的应用关系-->
<property name = "prefix" value = "#{prefixGenerator"}></property>
2.2 引用其他对象的属性
<!-- 通过value属性和SpEL配置suffix属性值为另一个Bean的suffix属性赋值-->
<property name = "suffix" value = "#{sequenceGenerator.suffix}"></property>
2.3 调用其他方法,还可以链式操作
<!-- 通过value属性和SpEL配置suffix属性值为另一个Bean的方法的返回值-->
<property name = "suffix" value = "#{sequenceGenerator.toString()}"></property>
2.4 调用静态方法或静态属性
通过T()调用一个类的静态方法,它返回一个Class Object,然后再调用相应的方法或属性
<property name = "initvalue" value = "#{T(java.lang.Math).PI}"></property>
2.5 示例
新建Address,Car,Person和Main
public class Address {
private String city, street;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
}
}
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
private double tyrePerimeter;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public double getTyrePerimeter() {
return tyrePerimeter;
}
public void setTyrePerimeter(double tyrePerimeter) {
this.tyrePerimeter = tyrePerimeter;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + ", tyrePerimeter=" + tyrePerimeter + "]";
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-spel.xml");
Address address = (Address) ctx.getBean("address");
System.out.println(address);
Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car");
System.out.println(car);
Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
beans-spel.xml文件配置和注释如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id = "address" class = "com.spring.beans.spel.Address">
<!-- 使用spel为属性赋一个字面值 -->
<property name="city" value = "#{'Beijing'}"></property>
<property name="street" value = "WuDaoKou"></property>
</bean>
<bean id = "car" class = "com.spring.beans.spel.Car">
<property name="brand" value = "Audi"></property>
<property name="price" value = "500000"></property>
<!-- 使用spel引用类的静态 属性 -->
<property name="tyrePerimeter" value = "#{T(java.lang.Math).PI * 80}"></property>
</bean>
<bean id = "person" class = "com.spring.beans.spel.Person">
<!-- 使用spel引用其他的bean -->
<property name="car" value = "#{car}"></property>
<!-- 使用spel引用其他的bean的属性 -->
<property name="city" value = "#{address.city}"></property>
<!-- 在spel中使用运算符 -->
<property name = "info" value = "#{car.price > 300000 ? '金领' : '白领'}"></property>
<!-- -->
<property name="name" value = "Tom"></property>
</bean>
</beans>