Python 动态定义变量名
1、利用命名空间
利用命名空间动态赋值
在Python的命名空间中,将变量名与值存储在字典中,
可以通过locals(),globals()函数分别获取局部命名空间和全局命名空间。
示例:
names = locals()
listTemp =
for i in range(6):
names['x%s' % i] = i # 方法1
#names['a'+ str(i)] = i # 方法2
print(x0,x1,x2,x3,x4,x5) # 此时,xi = i
输出
0 1 2 3 4 5
2、动态变量名赋值
动态变量名赋值
在使用时需要动态生成变量,如动态生成var0...var5变量
使用exec动态赋值
exec在python3中是内置函数,它支持python代码的动态执行。
示例:
for i in range(6):
exec('var{} = {}'.format(i, i))
print(var0, var1, var2, var3 ,var4 ,var5)
输出:
0 1 2 3 4 5
3、类中使用动态变量
在类中使用动态变量赋值
python的类对象的属性储存在的__dict__中。dict是一个词典,键为属性名,值对应属性的值。
示例:
class Test_class(object):
def __init__(self):
names = self.__dict__
for i in range(6):
names['n' + str(i)] = i
#names['x%s' % i] = i
t = Test_class()
print(t.n0, t.n1, t.n2, t.n3, t.n4, t.n5)
输出:
0 1 2 3 4 5
根据字符串匹配为两个目录中对应的文件
import os
import fnmatch
def get_all_filenames(directory):
filenames = []
for filename in os.listdir(directory):
file_path = os.path.join(directory, filename)
if os.path.isfile(file_path):
filenames.append(filename)
return filenames
def match_filenames(directory1, directory2, search_string):
filenames1 = os.listdir(directory1)
filenames2 = os.listdir(directory2)
matched_files = [(os.path.join(directory1, filename1), os.path.join(directory2, filename2))
for filename1 in filenames1
for filename2 in filenames2
if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename1, f"*{search_string}*") and
fnmatch.fnmatch(filename2, f"*{search_string}*")]
return matched_files
# 指定两个文件夹路径和要匹配的字符串
directory1 = '/home/share'
directory2 = '/home/share/sc'
# search_string = 'A1.txt'
# 获取所有文件名
filenames = get_all_filenames(directory2)
file_list =[]
# 打印文件名
for filename in filenames:
print(filename)
filename_list=[]
parts = filename.split('.')
search_string = parts[0]
# 匹配文件
matched_files = match_filenames(directory1, directory2, search_string)
# 打印匹配的文件路径
for file1, file2 in matched_files:
filename_list.append(file1)
filename_list.append(file2)
filename_list.append(search_string)
file_list.append(filename_list)
print(file_list)