Golang-slice实现

一.slice实现

1.1 slice结构体

type slice struct {
	array unsafe.Pointer
	len   int
	cap   int
}

• array：指向所引用的数组指针（unsafe.Pointer 可以表示任何可寻址的值的指针）
• len：长度，当前引用切片的元素个数
• cap：容量，当前引用切片的容量（底层数组的元素总数）

在实际使用中，cap 一定是大于或等于 len 的。否则会导致 panic。

1.2 makeslice实现

func makeslice(et *_type, len, cap int) unsafe.Pointer {
	mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(cap))
	if overflow || mem > maxAlloc || len < 0 || len > cap {
		// NOTE: Produce a 'len out of range' error instead of a
		// 'cap out of range' error when someone does make([]T, bignumber).
		// 'cap out of range' is true too, but since the cap is only being
		// supplied implicitly, saying len is clearer.
		// See golang.org/issue/4085.
		mem, overflow := math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(len))
		if overflow || mem > maxAlloc || len < 0 {
			panicmakeslicelen()
		}
		panicmakeslicecap()
	}

	return mallocgc(mem, et, true)
}

• MulUintptr：根据传入的slice获取这种slice类型能够申请的最大cap(容量)大小。
• makeslice ：最后返回真正值存储的数组域的内存地址。

func MulUintptr(a, b uintptr) (uintptr, bool) {
	if a|b < 1<<(4*sys.PtrSize) || a == 0 {
		return a * b, false
	}
	overflow := b > MaxUintptr/a
	return a * b, overflow
}

makeslice的主要⼯作就是⽤切⽚中元素⼤⼩和切⽚的容量相乘计算出所需占⽤的内存空间，如果内存发⽣溢出，或者所需内存⼤于最⼤可分配内存，或者传⼊的⻓度⼩于0，或者⻓度⼩于容

量等其他的异常情况，makeslice会报错，如果没有问题就会调⽤mallocgc函数为对象分配内存。

三.slice 扩容

func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
    if raceenabled {
        callerpc := getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&et))
        racereadrangepc(old.array, uintptr(old.len*int(et.size)), callerpc, funcPC(growslice))
    }
    if msanenabled {
        msanread(old.array, uintptr(old.len*int(et.size)))
    }

    if et.size == 0 {
        // 如果新要扩容的容量比原来的容量还要小，这代表要缩容了，那么可以直接报panic了。
        if cap < old.cap {
            panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
        }

        // 如果当前切片的大小为0，还调用了扩容方法，那么就新生成一个新的容量的切片返回。
        return slice{unsafe.Pointer(&zerobase), old.len, cap}
    }

  // 这里就是扩容的策略
    newcap := old.cap
    doublecap := newcap + newcap
    if cap > doublecap {
        newcap = cap
    } else {
        if old.len < 1024 {
            newcap = doublecap
        } else {
            for newcap < cap {
                newcap += newcap / 4
            }
        }
    }

    // 计算新的切片的容量，长度。
    var lenmem, newlenmem, capmem uintptr
    const ptrSize = unsafe.Sizeof((*byte)(nil))
    switch et.size {
    case 1:
        lenmem = uintptr(old.len)
        newlenmem = uintptr(cap)
        capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
        newcap = int(capmem)
    case ptrSize:
        lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * ptrSize
        newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * ptrSize
        capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * ptrSize)
        newcap = int(capmem / ptrSize)
    default:
        lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * et.size
        newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * et.size
        capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * et.size)
        newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
    }

    // 判断非法的值，保证容量是在增加，并且容量不超过最大容量
    if cap < old.cap || uintptr(newcap) > maxSliceCap(et.size) {
        panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
    }

    var p unsafe.Pointer
    if et.kind&kindNoPointers != 0 {
        // 在老的切片后面继续扩充容量
        p = mallocgc(capmem, nil, false)
        // 将 lenmem 这个多个 bytes 从 old.array地址 拷贝到 p 的地址处
        memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
        // 先将 P 地址加上新的容量得到新切片容量的地址，然后将新切片容量地址后面的 capmem-newlenmem 个 bytes 这块内存初始化。为之后继续 append() 操作腾出空间。
        memclrNoHeapPointers(add(p, newlenmem), capmem-newlenmem)
    } else {
        // 重新申请新的数组给新切片
        // 重新申请 capmen 这个大的内存地址，并且初始化为0值
        p = mallocgc(capmem, et, true)
        if !writeBarrier.enabled {
            // 如果还不能打开写锁，那么只能把 lenmem 大小的 bytes 字节从 old.array 拷贝到 p 的地址处
            memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)
        } else {
            // 循环拷贝老的切片的值
            for i := uintptr(0); i < lenmem; i += et.size {
                typedmemmove(et, add(p, i), add(old.array, i))
            }
        }
    }
    // 返回最终新切片，容量更新为最新扩容之后的容量
    return slice{p, old.len, newcap}
}

其中新的扩容策略主要在roundupsize函数中：

func roundupsize(size uintptr) uintptr {
	if size < _MaxSmallSize {
		if size <= smallSizeMax-8 {
			return uintptr(class_to_size[size_to_class8[(size+smallSizeDiv-1)/smallSizeDiv]])
		} else {
			return uintptr(class_to_size[size_to_class128[(size-smallSizeMax+largeSizeDiv-1)/largeSizeDiv]])
		}
	}
	if size+_PageSize < size {
		return size
	}
	return round(size, _PageSize)
}

const _MaxSmallSize = 32768
const smallSizeDiv = 8
const smallSizeMax = 1024
const largeSizeDiv = 128

var class_to_divmagic = [_NumSizeClasses]divMagic{{0, 0, 0, 0}, {3, 0, 1, 65528}, {4, 0, 1, 65520}, {5, 0, 1, 65504}, {4, 11, 683, 0}, {6, 0, 1, 65472}, {4, 10, 205, 0}, {5, 9, 171, 0}, {4, 11, 293, 0}, {7, 0, 1, 65408}, {4, 13, 911, 0}, {5, 10, 205, 0}, {4, 12, 373, 0}, {6, 9, 171, 0}, {4, 13, 631, 0}, {5, 11, 293, 0}, {4, 13, 547, 0}, {8, 0, 1, 65280}, {5, 9, 57, 0}, {6, 9, 103, 0}, {5, 12, 373, 0}, {7, 7, 43, 0}, {5, 10, 79, 0}, {6, 10, 147, 0}, {5, 11, 137, 0}, {9, 0, 1, 65024}, {6, 9, 57, 0}, {7, 9, 103, 0}, {6, 11, 187, 0}, {8, 7, 43, 0}, {7, 8, 37, 0}, {10, 0, 1, 64512}, {7, 9, 57, 0}, {8, 6, 13, 0}, {7, 11, 187, 0}, {9, 5, 11, 0}, {8, 8, 37, 0}, {11, 0, 1, 63488}, {8, 9, 57, 0}, {7, 10, 49, 0}, {10, 5, 11, 0}, {7, 10, 41, 0}, {7, 9, 19, 0}, {12, 0, 1, 61440}, {8, 9, 27, 0}, {8, 10, 49, 0}, {11, 5, 11, 0}, {7, 13, 161, 0}, {7, 13, 155, 0}, {8, 9, 19, 0}, {13, 0, 1, 57344}, {8, 12, 111, 0}, {9, 9, 27, 0}, {11, 6, 13, 0}, {7, 14, 193, 0}, {12, 3, 3, 0}, {8, 13, 155, 0}, {11, 8, 37, 0}, {14, 0, 1, 49152}, {11, 8, 29, 0}, {7, 13, 55, 0}, {12, 5, 7, 0}, {8, 14, 193, 0}, {13, 3, 3, 0}, {7, 14, 77, 0}, {12, 7, 19, 0}, {15, 0, 1, 32768}}
var size_to_class8 = [smallSizeMax/smallSizeDiv + 1]uint8{0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 24, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31}
var size_to_class128 = [(_MaxSmallSize-smallSizeMax)/largeSizeDiv + 1]uint8{31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 39, 39, 39, 40, 40, 40, 41, 42, 42, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 45, 45, 45, 45, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66}

四.slice值传递

• slice使用了值传递，所以会有很多的内存拷贝影响性能，尽量使用切片的指针作为参数，指针在64位的机器上只有8个字节。
• 即使是值传递，修改了slice的结构，slice本身和新的拷贝slice都是会改变的，因为slice的拷贝复制同时把unsafe.Pointer拷贝走了，可以修改底层数据。