MySQL连接池

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-16 20:47:56 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-16 20:47:56 发布

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分类专栏： MySQL

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35703848/article/details/99647416

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一.选用Mysql连接池的场景

对于简单的数据库查询，由于对于数据库的访问不是很频繁，这时可以在访问数据库时，就新创建一个连接，用完后就关闭它，这样做也不会带来什么明显的性能上的开销。但是对于一个经常访问的数据库应用，情况就完全不同了。频繁的建立、关闭连接，会极大的减低系统的性能，因为对于连接的使用成了系统性能的瓶颈。
连接复用。通过建立一个数据库连接池以及一套连接使用管理策略，使得一个数据库连接可以得到高效、安全的复用，避免了数据库连接频繁建立、关闭的开销。
数据库连接池的基本原理是在内部对象池中维护一定数量的数据库连接，并对外暴露数据库连接获取和返回方法。（外部使用者可通过getConnection 方法获取连接，使用完毕后再通过releaseConnection方法将连接返回，注意此时连接并没有关闭，而是由连接池管理器回收，并为下一次使用做好准备。）

二.选用Mysql连接池的好处

资源重用

由于数据库连接得到重用，避免了频繁创建、释放连接引起的大量性能开销。在减少系统消耗的基础上，另一方面也增进了系统运行环境的平稳性（减少内存碎片以及数据库临时进程/线程的数量）。

更快的系统响应速度

数据库连接池在初始化过程中，往往已经创建了若干数据库连接置于池中备用。此时连接的初始化工作均已完成。对于业务请求处理而言，直接利用现有可用连接，避免了数据库连接初始化和释放过程的时间开销，从而缩减了系统整体响应时间。

统一的连接管理，避免数据库连接泄漏

在较为完备的数据库连接池实现中，可根据预先的连接占用超时设定，强制收回被占用连接。从而避免了常规数据库连接操作中可能出现的资源泄漏。一个最小化的数据库连接池实现：

三.连接池的实现原理

3.1 连接池结构

type DB struct {
	// Atomic access only. At top of struct to prevent mis-alignment
	// on 32-bit platforms. Of type time.Duration.
	waitDuration int64 //新连接等待时间

	connector driver.Connector
	// numClosed is an atomic counter which represents a total number of
	// closed connections. Stmt.openStmt checks it before cleaning closed
	// connections in Stmt.css.
	numClosed uint64

	mu           sync.Mutex //锁，操作DB成员时用到
	freeConn     []*driverConn //空闲连接
	connRequests map[uint64]chan connRequest
	nextRequest  uint64 // Next key to use in connRequests.
	numOpen      int    //已建立连接或等待建立连接数
	// Used to signal the need for new connections
	// a goroutine running connectionOpener() reads on this chan and
	// maybeOpenNewConnections sends on the chan (one send per needed connection)
	// It is closed during db.Close(). The close tells the connectionOpener
	// goroutine to exit.
	openerCh          chan struct{}
	resetterCh        chan *driverConn
	closed            bool
	dep               map[finalCloser]depSet
	lastPut           map[*driverConn]string // stacktrace of last conn's put; debug only
	maxIdle           int                    // 最大空闲连接数
	maxOpen           int                    // 已建立连接或等待建立连接数
	maxLifetime       time.Duration          // 连接最大存活期，超过这个时间将不再复用
	cleanerCh         chan struct{}
	waitCount         int64 // Total number of connections waited for.
	maxIdleClosed     int64 // Total number of connections closed due to idle.
	maxLifetimeClosed int64 //连接最长存活期，超过这个时间连接将不会复用

	stop func() // stop cancels the connection opener and the session resetter.
}

3.1 获取连接

func (db *DB) conn(ctx context.Context, strategy connReuseStrategy) (*driverConn, error) {
	db.mu.Lock()
	if db.closed {
		db.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, errDBClosed
	}
	// Check if the context is expired.
	select {
	default:
	case <-ctx.Done():
		db.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, ctx.Err()
	}
	lifetime := db.maxLifetime

	//从freeCoon取一个空闲连接
	numFree := len(db.freeConn)
	if strategy == cachedOrNewConn && numFree > 0 {
		conn := db.freeConn[0]
		copy(db.freeConn, db.freeConn[1:])
		db.freeConn = db.freeConn[:numFree-1]
		conn.inUse = true
		db.mu.Unlock()
		if conn.expired(lifetime) {
			conn.Close()
			return nil, driver.ErrBadConn
		}
		// Lock around reading lastErr to ensure the session resetter finished.
		conn.Lock()
		err := conn.lastErr
		conn.Unlock()
		if err == driver.ErrBadConn {
			conn.Close()
			return nil, driver.ErrBadConn
		}
		return conn, nil
	}

	// 如果没有空闲连接，而且当前建立的连接数已达到最大限制则加入connRequest队列
	// 并阻塞在这里，直到其他协程将占用的连接释放或connectionOpenner创建
	if db.maxOpen > 0 && db.numOpen >= db.maxOpen {
		// Make the connRequest channel. It's buffered so that the
		// connectionOpener doesn't block while waiting for the req to be read.
		req := make(chan connRequest, 1)
		reqKey := db.nextRequestKeyLocked()
		db.connRequests[reqKey] = req 
		db.waitCount++
		db.mu.Unlock()

		waitStart := time.Now()

		// Timeout the connection request with the context.
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			// Remove the connection request and ensure no value has been sent
			// on it after removing.
			db.mu.Lock()
			delete(db.connRequests, reqKey)
			db.mu.Unlock()

			atomic.AddInt64(&db.waitDuration, int64(time.Since(waitStart)))

			select {
			default:
			case ret, ok := <-req:
				if ok && ret.conn != nil {
					db.putConn(ret.conn, ret.err, false)
				}
			}
			return nil, ctx.Err()
		case ret, ok := <-req://阻塞
			atomic.AddInt64(&db.waitDuration, int64(time.Since(waitStart)))

			if !ok {
				return nil, errDBClosed
			}
			if ret.err == nil && ret.conn.expired(lifetime) {//连接过期
				ret.conn.Close()
				return nil, driver.ErrBadConn
			}
			if ret.conn == nil {
				return nil, ret.err
			}
			// Lock around reading lastErr to ensure the session resetter finished.
			ret.conn.Lock()
			err := ret.conn.lastErr
			ret.conn.Unlock()
			if err == driver.ErrBadConn {
				ret.conn.Close()
				return nil, driver.ErrBadConn
			}
			return ret.conn, ret.err
		}
	}

	db.numOpen++ // optimistically
	db.mu.Unlock()
	ci, err := db.connector.Connect(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		db.mu.Lock()
		db.numOpen-- // correct for earlier optimism
		db.maybeOpenNewConnections()//通知coonectionOpener协程尝试重新建立连接
		db.mu.Unlock()
		return nil, err
	}
	db.mu.Lock()
	dc := &driverConn{
		db:        db,
		createdAt: nowFunc(),
		ci:        ci,
		inUse:     true,
	}
	db.addDepLocked(dc, dc)
	db.mu.Unlock()
	return dc, nil
}

取空闲连接，如果取出连接且未超时则直接复用。
如果没有空闲连接，判断当前连接数是否达到连接池上限，如果达到上限请求阻塞在这等待连接释放。创建等待连接释放管道，阻塞直到从管道中拿到释放的连接。
没有达到上限则创建新连接。

3.2 释放连接

func (db *DB) putConn(dc *driverConn, err error, resetSession bool) {
	db.mu.Lock()
	if !dc.inUse {
		if debugGetPut {
			fmt.Printf("putConn(%v) DUPLICATE was: %s\n\nPREVIOUS was: %s", dc, stack(), db.lastPut[dc])
		}
		panic("sql: connection returned that was never out")
	}
	if debugGetPut {
		db.lastPut[dc] = stack()
	}
	dc.inUse = false

	for _, fn := range dc.onPut {
		fn()
	}
	dc.onPut = nil
        //连接失效则不再放入到连接池中
	if err == driver.ErrBadConn {
		// Don't reuse bad connections.
		// Since the conn is considered bad and is being discarded, treat it
		// as closed. Don't decrement the open count here, finalClose will
		// take care of that.
		db.maybeOpenNewConnections()
		db.mu.Unlock()
		dc.Close()
		return
	}
	if putConnHook != nil {
		putConnHook(db, dc)
	}
	if db.closed {
		// Connections do not need to be reset if they will be closed.
		// Prevents writing to resetterCh after the DB has closed.
		resetSession = false
	}
	if resetSession {
		if _, resetSession = dc.ci.(driver.SessionResetter); resetSession {
			// Lock the driverConn here so it isn't released until
			// the connection is reset.
			// The lock must be taken before the connection is put into
			// the pool to prevent it from being taken out before it is reset.
			dc.Lock()
		}
	}
        //归还连接
	added := db.putConnDBLocked(dc, nil)
	db.mu.Unlock()

	if !added {
		if resetSession {
			dc.Unlock()
		}
		dc.Close()
		return
	}
	if !resetSession {
		return
	}
	select {
	default:
		// If the resetterCh is blocking then mark the connection
		// as bad and continue on.
		dc.lastErr = driver.ErrBadConn
		dc.Unlock()
	case db.resetterCh <- dc:
	}
}

func (db *DB) putConnDBLocked(dc *driverConn, err error) bool {
	if db.closed {
		return false
	}
	if db.maxOpen > 0 && db.numOpen > db.maxOpen {
		return false
	}
        //如果有等待的连接则直接将连接发给他们，没有等待的连接则放到空闲连接里面
	if c := len(db.connRequests); c > 0 {
		var req chan connRequest
		var reqKey uint64
		for reqKey, req = range db.connRequests {
			break
		}
		delete(db.connRequests, reqKey) // Remove from pending requests.
		if err == nil {
			dc.inUse = true
		}
		req <- connRequest{
			conn: dc,
			err:  err,
		}
		return true
	} else if err == nil && !db.closed {
		if db.maxIdleConnsLocked() > len(db.freeConn) {
			db.freeConn = append(db.freeConn, dc)
			db.startCleanerLocked()
			return true
		}
		db.maxIdleClosed++
	}
	return false
}