- 辅音:θ 、ð 、ʃ 、ʒ 、tʃ 、dʒ 、ŋ
- 短元音:ɪ 、æ 、ɔ 、ʌ 、 ʊ 、ə 、ɛ
- 长元音:ɑ: 、ʊ: 、ɔ:
- 双元音:eɪ 、ɑɪ 、ɔɪ 、əʊ 、oʊ 、ɑʊ 、ɪə 、eə 、ʊə 、ɪə
前元音 [ɪ] [i] [i:] & 短音 [ɪ]的三种错误情况
[ɪ] vs [i:]
building | busy |
[‘bɪldɪŋ] | [‘bɪzi] |
跟 [eɪ] 发生混淆
history | he |
[‘hɪst(ə)rɪ] | [hiː] |
在前面加了 [j]
[i:]
前元音[ɪ]和[e]对比;梅花音[æ]的英美差别
中元音 [ʌ] 的各种处理
[ʌ] vs [ɑ:]
后面跟[l]时
result | adult |
[rɪ’zʌlt] | [‘ædʌlt] |
insult | multiple |
[ɪn’sʌlt] | [‘mʌltɪp(ə)l] |
英美差异
courage |
英 | 美 |
[‘kʌrɪdʒ] | [‘kɝɪdʒ] |
current | hurry |
[/’kɝənt/] | [‘hɝi] |
中元音 [ə]
儿化音混用错误
Christmas | famous |
[ˈkrɪsməs] | [‘feɪməs] |
需要加入儿化音:
nervous | four |
[‘nɜːrvəs] | [fɔːr] |
弱读的短[I]变成[ə]
behind |
[bɪ‘haɪnd] [bə‘haɪnd]
|
believe | imagine |
[bɪ‘li:v] | [ɪ‘mædʒɪn] |
schwa的省略现象
family |
[‘fæməli] [‘fæməli]
|
camera | basically |
[‘kæm(ə)rə] | [ˈbeisikəli] |
后元音 [ʊ] 和 [u:]
美式英语中[ju:]转换为[u:]
news | duty |
[njuːz] | [‘djuːtɪ] |
Tuesday | |
[ˈtju:zdi] | |
后元音 [ɔ] 和 [ɑː]
talk | |
[tɔk] | |
cause | cough |
[kɔːz] | [kɔːf] |
story | lorry |
[‘stɔːri] | [‘lɔːri] |
字母o在英美中的转变
college |
[‘kɒlɪdʒ] | [‘kɑːlɪdʒ] |
honest | doctor |
[‘ɑːnɪst] | [‘dɑkt] |
[ɑː]在英美口语中的转变
progress |
[‘prəʊgres] | [‘prɑːɡres] |
合口双元音 [ɑʊ] [əʊ] [eɪ] [ɑɪ] [ɔɪ]
[ɑʊ]
now | about |
[naʊ] | [ə’baʊt] |
loud | |
[laʊd] | |
play | like |
[pleɪ] | [laɪk] |
boy | |
[bɔɪ] | |
集中双元音 [ɪə] [eə] [ʊə]
爆破音 [t] [d]
time | deep |
[taɪm] | [dip] |
white | mind |
[waɪt] | [maɪnd] |
在前后都是元音时:The Flap T or D
water | little |
[‘wɔtɚ] | [ˈlɪtl] |
better | battle |
[‘betɚ] | [‘bætl] |
在前后都是辅音:可省掉[t] or [d]
exactly | |
[ɪɡ’zæktli] | |
handbag | mostly |
[‘hænd’bæg] | [‘mostli] |
关于T的特别处理
在【t】前面为【n】且前后都为元音的情况下,[t]可以省略。
twenty | internet |
[twɛnti] | [‘ɪntɚnɛt] |
center | interview |
[‘sɛntɚ] | [‘ɪntɚvju] |
爆破音 [k] [g] [b] [p]
[k] & [g]
keep | good |
[kiːp] | [gʊd] |
book | bug |
[bʊk] | [bʌg] |
crowd | grow |
[kraʊd] | [ɡro] |
claim | clear |
[kleɪm] | [klɪər] |
cloud | clean |
[klaʊd] | [kliːn] |
[b] & [p]
baby | please |
[‘beɪbɪ] | [pliːz] |
tube | hope |
[tub] | [hop] |
bring | bright |
[brɪŋ] | [braɪt] |
摩擦音咬舌音 [s] [z] [θ] [ð] [f] [v]
[s] & [z]
[θ] & [ð]
thank | these |
[θæŋk] | [ði:z] |
sank | |
[sæŋk] | |
months | clothes |
[mʌnθs] | [kləʊ(ð)z] |
healthy –> healfy |
[‘hɛlθi] |
[f] & [v]
摩擦音 [ʃ] [ʒ] [h] [r]
破擦音 [tʃ] [tr] [dʒ] [dr] [ts]
鼻辅音 [m] [ŋ] [n];鼻腔爆破
舌边音 [l] 及半元音 [j] [w];舌边爆破
辅音连读;音的融合/同化及失去爆破
R连读;L连读及元音连读
节奏-虚词弱读读音变化的规律
节奏-意群的划分和断句停顿
基础语调-降调及单元音节多音节的升调处理
基础语调-升调的各种使用场景
平调的应用
基础语调-平调的处理
进阶语调-降升调和升降调
进阶语调-各种语调的穿插及综合运用
进阶语调-复杂句式的语调处理
口语中的简化现象
美式KK和英式DJ的对比