1.字符串概述
字符串对象分为可变字符串和不可变字符串,在使用一个字符串对象之前,首先是创建以及初始化该对象
2.字符串相关有用的数据类型
NSRange range = NSMakeRange(10, 3);
NSRange range;
range.location = 10;
range.length =3;
NSRange range = {10,3};
3.创建字符创
创建字符串对象
//1.初始化一个字符串对象
NSString *string1 = @"ibokanwisdom";
NSString *string2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Jack"];
// NSString *string3 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",@"Jack",@"Rick"];
// NSString *string3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"ibokanwisdom"];
//使用NSString的类方法来创建字符串 + (instancetype)stringWithFormat:@"格式化标识符"
NSString *string4 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@,%d,%f,hi guy",@"Rick",5,5.5];//可以接收多个字符串
// NSLog(@"string4 = %@",string4);
NSString *string5 = @"Rick";
NSString *string6 = @"666";
NSString *string7 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@",string5,string6];
NSLog(@"%@",string7);
读取本地文件路径与网络字符串
//从本地文件读取字符串
NSString *path1 = @"/Users/apple/Desktop/OC_04_02/hello.html";
NSError *error;
NSString *string8 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path1 encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
// NSLog(@"string8 = %@, error = %@",string8,error);
//从网络读取字符串
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
error = nil;
// NSString *string9 = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:4 error:&error];
// NSLog(@"string9 = %@",string9);
4.NSString的常用方法
//字符串的操作
NSString *string10 = @"你是逗比么,我都受不了你了";
//字符串长度
NSUInteger length = string10.length;
NSLog(@"%lu",length);
//字符串的截取
NSString *subString1 = [string10 substringToIndex:5]; //获取字符串开头到字符串的to的位置的字符串内容,不包括to位置的字符串
NSLog(@"subString1 = %@",subString1);
NSString *subString2 = [string10 substringFromIndex:6]; //获取字符串从from的位置到结尾的字符串,包括from 的位置
NSLog(@"%@",subString2);
NSString *subString3 = [string10 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, 2)];
//获取字符串中的某个字符
NSString *string11 = @"abcdefg";
char c = [string11 characterAtIndex:0]; //根据字符串中的位置 index来获得一个字符,注意字符串的索引是从 0 开始。
NSLog(@"%c",c);
//字符串的比较,如何判断两个字符串是否相等
if (subString2 == subString3) {
//内容和指针都相等的时候,才成立
NSLog(@"subString2 和 subString3 相等");
}
else{
NSLog(@"subString2 和 subString3 不相等");
}
/*
如何让两个字符串的指针 和 内容都相同?
浅拷贝 和 深拷贝
浅拷贝:对象和拷贝的内容公用一份实体,仅仅是引用的变量名称不一样。
深拷贝:源对象和拷贝的对象相互独立,其中任何一个对象的改动都不会对另一个对象造成影响。
*/
NSString *subString4 = [NSString stringWithString:subString2];
//stringWithString 为浅拷贝
if (subString4 == subString2) {
//内容和指针都相等的时候,才成立
NSLog(@"subString4 和 subString2 相等");
}
else{
NSLog(@"subString4 和 subString2 不相等");
}
//在实际开发过程中,我们通常只需要比较两个字符串的内容是否想相等
if ([subString2 isEqualToString:subString4]) {
NSLog(@"subString4 和 subString2 内容相等");
}
else{
NSLog(@"subString4 和 subString2 内容不相等");
}
//比较两个字符串的大小
NSString *cmpString1 = @"hehehehe";
NSString *cmpString2 = @"hahaha";
//C p143
NSComparisonResult result = [cmpString1 compare:cmpString2];
switch (result) {
case NSOrderedAscending: {
NSLog(@"cmpString1 < cmpString2,升序");
break;
}
case NSOrderedSame: {
NSLog(@"cmpString1 = cmpString2");
break;
}
case NSOrderedDescending: {
NSLog(@"cmpString1 > cmpString2,降序");
break;
}
}
//根据字符串拿到对应的range
NSRange range = [string10 rangeOfString:@"逗比"];
NSLog(@"%@",[NSValue valueWithRange:range]);
//只输出第一个遇到该字符串的位置 及 该字符串的长度
NSRange range1 = [string10 rangeOfString:@"你"];
NSLog(@"%ld,%ld",range1.location,range1.length);
//判读字符串中是否有xx前缀 或 xx后缀
NSString *string12 = @"http://www.baidu.com";
if ([string12 hasPrefix:@"http://"]) {
NSLog(@"含有此前缀");
}
else{
NSLog(@"不含有此前缀");
}
//判断是否为 .jpg 或 .png 后缀
NSString *string13 = @"xxxxx.jpg";
if ([string13 hasSuffix:@"jpg"] || [string13 hasSuffix:@"png"] ) {
NSLog(@"包含此后缀");
}
else{
NSLog(@"不包含此后缀");
}
//字符串 拼接
NSString *string14 = @"www.baidu.com";
NSString *string15 = [@"http://" stringByAppendingString:string14];
//http://static.bigstockphoto.com/images/homepage/2016_popular_photo_categories.jpg
NSString *string16 = @"http://static.bigstockphoto.com";
NSString *string17 = @"images/homepage/2016_popular_photo_categories.jpg";
NSString *string18 = [string16 stringByAppendingFormat:@"/%@",string17]; //连接两个字符串,并且第二个字符串是按一定格式传进来的
NSString *string19 = [string16 stringByAppendingPathComponent:string17];
NSString *imagePath = @"http://static.bigstockphoto.com/images/homepage/2016_popular_photo_categories.jpg";
imagePath = [imagePath lastPathComponent];
NSString *theImageName = @"Rick";
theImageName = [theImageName stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"png"];
//字符串的其他常用方法
//1.字符串的转换函数
NSString *str = @"111addd33";
int a1 = [str intValue];
NSLog(@"%d",a1);
//2.字符串的大小写转换
NSString *str2 = @"aAabb";
NSString *str3 = [str2 uppercaseString]; //将字符全部改成大写
NSString *str4 = [str3 lowercaseString]; //将字符全部改成小写
NSString *str5 = [str4 capitalizedString];
NSString *str6 = [str2 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"bb" withString:@"dd"];
NSString *str7 = [str2 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(1, 2) withString:@"GG"];
NSString *str8 = @"aa-bb-cc-dd-ee";
NSArray *array = [str8 componentsSeparatedByString:@"-"];
//以separator 为分割符,将原字符串内容进行分割,分割得到的结果放到一个数组里面,作为返回值
5.可变字符串
// NSMutableString 可变字符串
NSMutableString *mString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"nihao"];
NSMutableString *mString1 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"%@",mString];
NSMutableString *mString2 = [NSMutableString stringWithContentsOfFile:@"" encoding:4 error:nil];
NSMutableString *mString3 = [NSMutableString stringWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
//可变字符串独特的初始化方法,初始化一个空间为100的可变字符串
NSMutableString *mString4 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:100];
//将C语言的字符串转换成OC的字符串
// [[NSString alloc] initWithCharacters:<#(nonnull const unichar *)#> length:<#(NSUInteger)#>]
NSMutableString *targetString = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"呵呵,我靠"];
NSRange range = [targetString rangeOfString:@"靠"];
//替代
[targetString replaceCharactersInRange:range withString:@"**"];
//增
//在指定位置去插入一个字符串
[targetString insertString:@"ee" atIndex:3];
//在字符串末尾添加一个字符串
[targetString appendString:@"aaa"];
//在字符串的末尾添加多个字符串
[targetString appendFormat:@"%@%@",@"cc",@"dd"];
//删
[targetString deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(3, 2)];