NSDictionary字典就是关键字(键)及其定义所构成的集合。字典在给定的关键字下存储一个数值,这个关键字(键)通常是一个NSString类型的字符串,存储的这个数值可以是Object-C里的任意类型的对象。然后你就可以使用这个关键字来找到其对应的值。
字典和数组一样,也分为不可变字典(NSDictionary)和可变字典(NSMutableDictionary)。
NSDictionary
不可变字典的创建及访问:
/*
字典:NSDictionary NSMutableDictionary
1.概念:字典是关键字 ‘key’及其定义的值(value)所构成的集合,即它是由key-value组成的键值对的集合。'key'一般是'NSString'类型的,'value'是OC中任意对象。对于字典来讲,我们就是通过‘key’来访问‘value’。(字典是无序的)
2.为什么在有了数组之后,还需要字典?在由大量的数据或者频繁的查找的时候,使用字典效率更高。因为字典采用键查询的优化存储方式。
*/
//初始化
//创建一个空的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary1 = [[NSDictionary alloc] init];
NSDictionary *dictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionary];
//创建只有一个键值对的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"Rick" forKey:@"name"];
//创建一个多个键值对的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Rick",@"name",@25,@"age",@"GZ",@"address", nil];
//字典里面存放的元素都要是对象类型才行。如果是基本数据类型,要先把基本数据类型进行封装,然后再放到这些集合中去。比如不能把@25换成25放到字典里去
//通过字典创建一个字典
NSDictionary *dictionary5 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary4];
NSLog(@"%@",dictionary5);
//使用新语法创建字典
NSDictionary *dictionary6 = @{};
//新语法创建只有一个键值对的字典,与dictionary4创建方式顺序相反
NSDictionary *dictionary7 = @{@"name":@"Rick"};
//新语法创建多个键值对的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary8 = @{@"name":@"Rick",@"age":@25,@"address":@"GZ"};
NSLog(@"%@",dictionary8);
//从本地读取文件
NSDictionary *dictionary9 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"http://www.baidu.com"];
//从网络读取字典
NSDictionary *dictionary10 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""]];
//字典中键值对的数量
NSUInteger count = [dictionary4 count];
NSLog(@"%lu",count);
//如何访问字典
//通过key访问字典中对应的值
NSString *name = [dictionary4 objectForKey:@"name"];
//新语法
NSString *newName = dictionary4[@"name"];
//如何遍历字典中所有的key和value
//表示字典中所有的key
NSArray *keyArray = dictionary4.allKeys;
NSArray *valueArray = dictionary4.allValues;
//打印key = value,for循环
// id key,value;
// for (int i = 0; i < dictionary4.count; i++) {
// key = [keyArray objectAtIndex:i];
// value = [dictionary4 objectForKey:key];
// NSLog(@"%@:%@",key,value);
// }
for (int i = 0; i < dictionary4.count; i++) {
//注意‘[]’的使用,数组加‘[]’就是代表数组里的元素
NSLog(@"%@:%@",keyArray[i],valueArray[i]);
}
//快速枚举
for (NSString *key in keyArray) {
NSLog(@"%@:%@",key,dictionary4[key]);//?
}
//使用枚举器遍历
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [keyArray objectEnumerator];
id key;
while (key = [enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"%@:%@",key,dictionary4[key]);
}
NSDictionary *dictionary = @{@"name":@"Rick",@"age":@"25",@"address":@"GZ",@"name":@"Jack"};
for (NSString *str in dictionary.allKeys) {
NSLog(@"%@=%@",str,dictionary[str]);
}
//注意:在字典中键值对是无序的,如果有两个相同的键值对只会打印一个
NSMutableDictionary
1.可变字典的创建
/*
NSMutableDictionary 可变字典
*/
//1.初始化方式
//创建一个空的字典
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary1 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
//创建一个有一个键值对的可变字典
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary2 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"Rick" forKey:@"name"];
//
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary3 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Rick",@"name",@"age",@"25",@"address",@"GZ", nil];
//通过另一个字典创建一个字典
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary4 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:mDictionary3];
// mDictionary3.allKeys 访问所有键
// mDictionary3.allValues 访问所有值
//可变字典独有的初始化方法
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary5 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:10];
//从本地读取字典
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary6 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@""];
//从网络读取字典
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary7 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""]];
2.对可变字典的操作
//操作字典
//增
[mDictionary5 setValue:@"Rick" forKey:@"name"];
[mDictionary5 setValue:@25 forKey:@"age"];
//改(如果原来的字典中已经有了akey这个键,那么这次新加的值就会覆盖原来的键(akey)对应的值)
[mDictionary5 setValue:@"Jack" forKey:@"name"];
mDictionary5[@"name"] = @"Leo";
//删除指定key对应的对象
[mDictionary5 removeObjectForKey:@"name"];
//删除所有对象
[mDictionary5 removeAllObjects];
//找出相同值得键,
NSMutableDictionary *mDictionary8 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Rick",@"name",@25,@"age",@"GZ",@"address",@"Rick",@"name2",@"Rick",@"name3",nil];
// for (int i = 0; i < mDictionary8.count; i++) {
//
// if ([mDictionary8.allValues[i] isEqual: @"Rick"]) {
// NSLog(@"%@",mDictionary8.allKeys[i]);
// }
// else if ([mDictionary8.allValues[i] isEqual: @25]) {
// [NSString stringWithFormat:@""]
// NSLog(@"%@");
// }
//
//
NSArray *keyArray1 = mDictionary8.allKeys;
for (NSString *key in keyArray1) {
NSString *string;
NSLog(@"%@",mDictionary8[key]);
//返回一个BOOL值,YES or NO
if ([mDictionary8[key] isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
int age = [mDictionary8[key] intValue];
mDictionary8[key] = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",age];
}
else{
string = mDictionary8[key];
}
if ([string isEqualToString:@"Rick"]) {
NSLog(@"key = %@",key);
}
}