PMI-ACP练习题(12)

1、Ralph is describing the INVEST acronym used for user story development in an agile practitioner seminar. What does the N in INVEST stand for? A. New B. Navigable C. Negotiable D. Narrow 拉尔夫正在一敏捷研讨会上描述用于用户故事开发的INVEST，那么N在INVEST当中代表

• A：新的

• B：可通航的

• C：可协商的

• D：窄的

C解析：用户故事符合以下特征： 独立的（independent） 可讨论的（negotiable） 对客户或用户有价值的（valuable） 可估计的（estimatable） 小的（small） 可测试的（testable）

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2、Jules is describing the SMART acronym used for task analysis in an agile seminar. What does the S stand for? A. Small B. Stable C. Specific D. Superlative 朱尔斯在一个敏捷研讨会中描述用于任务分析的SMART技术。其中的S代表的是什么呢？

• A：小的

• B：稳定的

• C：具体的

• D：最高级的

C解析：缩写SMART（specific详细的，measurable可测量的，achievable可完成的，relevant相关的和timeboxed有明确的截止时间）

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3、When is iteration backlog created? A. During the project vision workshop B. During iteration planning C. During reflection meetings D. During release planning 迭代待办事项产生在

• A：在项目愿景研讨会期间

• B：在迭代计划期间

• C：在反思会议期间

• D：在发布计划会期间

B解析：敏捷团队在迭代计划期间创造迭代待办事项。

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4、Not all agile efforts succeed the first time, what is a common cause of failure? A. Lack of the adopting culture to support strict top-down decision making approaches B. Lack of the adopting culture to support a waterfall development method C. Lack of the adopting culture to support change D. Lack of the adopting culture to support strict requirements management definition 并非所有的敏捷工作首次实践就可以获得成功，那么常见的失败原因是

• A：缺乏支持严格的自上而下决策方式的环境

• B：缺乏支持瀑布式开发方法的环境

• C：缺乏拥抱变化的环境

• D：缺乏严格的需求管理的定义的环境

C解析：A/B/D三个选项的描述都不是敏捷所提倡的

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5、Which of the following duties is expected of a servant leader? A. affinity planning B. Team enabling C. Kanban tracking D. User story authoring 下列哪项责任属于仆人式领导力

• A：亲和计划

• B：团队促进

• C：看板跟踪

• D：编写用户故事

B解析：仆人式领导力指出领导人角色，采用服务团队的方式进行效果最好。它鼓励合作、信任、预见、倾听，促进团队协作

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6、How often are stand-up meeting typically held on an agile project? A. Bi-weekly B. Daily C. Every other day D. After an iteration 在敏捷项目中，站立会议通常多久举行一次

• A：两周

• B：每天

• C：隔两天

• D：在一次迭代过程之后

B解析：站立会议通常每天都要举行，也被称为每日站立会议

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7、Why is an empowered team considered an important team attribute in agile? A. Empowered teams remove themselves from being responsible of product quality in order to reduce association with project failure B. Empowered teams need extensive management involvement in order to understand customer need C. Empowered teams remain inflexible to changing customer requirements and focus on delivering to specification. D. Empowered teams take ownership of the product and thus have a strong focus on delivering value 为什么授权团队被认为是敏捷团队的重要属性？

• A：授权团队不对产品质量负责从而避免对项目成败的影响

• B：授权团队通过广泛的参与从而了解客户的需要

• C：授权团队始终关注客户不断变化的需求，持续交付他们满意的产品

• D：被授权的团队对产品负责，因此更专注于交付价值

D解析：授权团队会进行自我决策以适应管理的复杂性。敏捷强调具备授权和积极性的自我管理团 队，他们将对项目成果充分负责。

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8、Select the best definition of velocity. A. A measure of the number of user story points or stories completed per iteration B. A measure of the number of user story points planned per release C. A measure of the number of user story points planned for an iteration D. A measure of the number of user story points completed per day 速度的定义是

• A：对每一次迭代完成的用户故事点或故事的衡量

• B：对每一次发布完成的用户故事点或故事的衡量

• C：对一次迭代计划的用户故事点的衡量

• D：对每天完成的用户故事点的衡量

A解析：速度是指对每一次迭代团队完成的用户故事点或故事数量的衡量指标。一个敏捷团队可根据之前的速度记录来估算下一个迭代可完成的用户故事点数量。

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9、Identify the role in the following example user story: As an online customer, I need to be able to search by product name and description so that I may add products to my shopping cart. A. Description B. Online customer C. Shopping cart D. Product name 辨别以下用户故事的角色：作为一名网上客户，我需要自己能够通过产品名称和描述来进行搜索，由此可在购物车中添加产品。

• A：描述

• B：网上客户

• C：购物车

• D：产品名称

B解析：一个用户故事包含3个基本要素：一个角色，一个目标和一个可达到的商业价值

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10、Thomas, his agile team, and the customer are building the product roadmap. When is it first created? A. After the first iteration B. After the first release C. At the beginning of the project D. At the end of the project 托马斯所在的敏捷团队和客户正在建立产品路线图。路线图创建的时间应该是在

• A：第一次迭代后

• B：第一次发布后

• C：项目的开始

• D：项目末期

C解析：产品路线图是产品需求的高层次概述，所以要在项目开始的时候创建

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11、Select the response that lists the three main ceremonies of agile A. release planning, daily planning, daily stand-up B. release planning, rolling waveform planning, daily planning C. review meeting, iteration planning, daily stand-up D. sprint planning, iteration planning, daily planning 以下哪项列出了敏捷的仪式

• A：发布计划，每日计划，每日立会

• B：发布计划，滚动计划，每日计划

• C：评审会议，迭代计划，每日立会

• D：冲刺计划，迭代计划，每日计划

C解析：敏捷的仪式包括迭代、迭代计划、每日立会、评审会议、迭代回顾会议

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12、Not all company cultures are right for the agile methodology. With respect to communication, what type of culture is a good fit for the agile methodology? A. A culture with a highly focused distribution of power that requires many levels of clearance for communication B. A culture that values open, face -to-face communication C. A culture with strict communication channels and clear hierarchical divisions D. A culture that retains physical separation between the agile team and customer or customer representative 并非所有企业文化都适合用敏捷的方法论。谈及沟通，哪种类型的文化适用于敏捷的方法论

• A：高度重视权力分配，需要多层级沟通的企业文化

• B：重视开放，面对面沟通的企业文化

• C：有严格沟通渠道和清晰层次划分的企业文化

• D：敏捷团队和客户，或客户代表不在一起的企业文化

B解析：一个开放，面对面的沟通文化最适合敏捷团队。

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13、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of agile project management? A. short iterations B. top-down decision making C. cross-functional teams D. continuous improvement 下列选项中哪一项不是敏捷项目管理的特点？

• A：短迭代周期

• B：自上而下的决策

• C：跨职能团队

• D：持续改进

B解析：敏捷项目管理的重点特征包括： 持续完善， 多功能团队， 短迭代， 增量方法， 商业优先 客户的价值。

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14、Define the concept of timebox as used in task definition A. Setting a range of acceptable story points that the team may accomplish within a set time period B. Setting a range of acceptable tasks that the team may accomplish within a set time period C. Setting an estimated and realistic duration for how long a task will take to perform D. Setting a strict, time requirement for the duration of task performance 时间箱的定义是

• A：设定团队可在规定时间段内完成可接受故事点范围

• B：设定团队可以在设定的时间段内完成的一系列可接受的任务

• C：设定完成任务所需时间的估算值

• D：为任务执行持续时长设定一个严格的时间要求

C解析：时间想是指设定一个固定的交付日期来约束项目或版本发布，然后在进度允许的情况下实现尽可能多的交付价值和功能开发。

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15、Select the response that is a typical information radiator for an agile project A. Local emergency numbers B. A burndown chart C. The agile manifesto D. A project schedule 以下哪一项是典型的敏捷项目信息发射源？

• A：当地的紧急号码

• B：燃尽图

• C：敏捷宣言

• D：项目进度

B解析：一项敏捷项目中，典型的信息发射源包括： 项目燃尽图， 任务板， 燃起图 KANBAN

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16、Which of the following best defines Minimally Marketable Feature (MMF)? A. A feature that has minimal NPV and a marketable IRR B. A feature that is relatively simple and will return value C. A feature that returns the most value to a customer D. A feature that has minimal IRR and a marketable NPV 最小可售功能的定义是

• A：带有最小净现值和可市场化的内部收益率的功能

• B：相对简单和有回报价值的功能

• C：为客户提供最大价值的功能

• D：带有最小内部收益率和可市场化的净现值功能

B解析：能为用户增加价值的最小单位的交付物。典型的单个最小可售功能包含一组用户故事。通过将项目拆分为若干个MMF，团队可以专注于开发一组有价值的小功能，并迅速的交付给客户

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17、Stephanie’s agile team is always looking to improve its performance. Her team has decided to use an experienced agile practitioner and facilitator to come in and provide audience to the team on how it may improve. What knowledge and skill area is this practitioner providing to the team? A. speculating and closing B. envisioning and elaborating C. knowledge building and mentoring D. coaching and mentoring Stephanie的敏捷团队一直想要提升团队的绩效。关于如何提升方面，她的团队决定请教有经验的敏捷从业人员和引导者来进行分享。他们能向团队提供哪方面的知识和技能？

• A：投机和收尾

• B：展望和阐述

• C：知识建设和指导

• D：教练和指导

D解析：团队内的教练和指导有助于新生的敏捷团队,甚至是有经验的敏捷团队。教练和指导是帮助个人或团队提高绩效和实现目标的一种行为。

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18、What must a scrum team define to help it identify when a user story has been completed? A. Its definition of done in concert with the product owner B. Its definition of finalization C. Its definition of acceptance D. Its definition of decision gates scrum团队必须定义什么去帮助识别用户故事的完成时间

• A：和产品负责人一起对完成进行定义

• B：对最终确定的定义

• C：对验收的定义

• D：对关键决策的定义

A解析：和产品负责人对DOD进行定义，以确定用户故事是否完成，什么时候完成

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19、When value stream mapping it is important to identify areas of waste that exist in the process. The pneumonic device WIDETOM may be used to remember the different forms of waste. What does the E in WIDETOM stand for with respect to waste? A. Extra processing B. Earned Interest C. Entity Flow Reversal D. Emission 价值流程图中，发现过程中存在浪费具有重大的意义。WIDETOM可用于记录不同形式的浪费。E在WIDETOM中代表什么？

• A：额外流程

• B：已获利益

• C：实体流逆转

• D：发行

A解析：WIDETOM W-waiting等待 I-inventory库存 D-defects缺陷 E-extra processing额外流程 T-transportation运输 O-over-production过度生产 M-motion动态。

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20、Barry and his agile team just completed an iteration. The team has reserved a block of time to develop to reviewing its performance in the iteration. What is this agile principle called? A. Iteration speculation B. Information burnup C. Information burndown D. Reflection 巴瑞和他的敏捷团队刚完成了一项迭代，他们预留了一个时间来对迭代的绩效进行回顾，这种敏捷原则称为

• A：迭代推测

• B：信息燃起

• C：信息燃尽

• D：反思

D解析：敏捷原则第12条：鼓励团队成员定期反思，并依此调整自身的举止表现，回顾会议就是其中一个很好的反思动作