Java enum 枚举类

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Java Enum 枚举类

概述

枚举类型本质上也是一种类，只不过是这个类的对象是有限的、固定的几个，不能让用户随意创建。

如果针对于某个类，其实例是确定个数，则推荐将此类声明为枚举类。

如果枚举类的实例只有一个，则可以看作时单例的实现方式。

枚举类的实现

JDK5.0之前

class Season{

//2.声明当前类的对象的实例对象 使用Final修饰
private final String seasonName;  //季节的名称
private final String seasonDesc;  //季节的描述
//1.0 私有化列表构造器


private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
  this.seasonName = seasonName;
  this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//3.提供实力变量的get方法

public String getSeasonName() {
  return seasonName;
}

public String getSeasonDesc() {
  return seasonDesc;
}
//4.创建当前类的实例 
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","白雪皑皑");

//还可以重写toString方法

}

JDK5.0之中

num Season1{

//必须在枚举类开头 声明对象 中间使用,隔开(枚举类中需要声明了私有化构造器)
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑");
private final String seasonName;    //季节名称(使用final修饰，当作常量，不允许更改)
private final String seasonDesc;    //季节描述


//提供私有化构造器
private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
  this.seasonName = seasonName;
  this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}

细节

使用enum关键字定义的枚举类，默认其父类时java.lang.Enum类
使用enum关键字定义的枚举类，不要再显示的定义其父类，否则报错

enum类中的方法

已经定义了enum类

enum Season {
    SPRING("春季","春风又绿江南岸"),
    SUMMER("夏季","映日荷花别样红"),
    AUTUMN("秋季","秋水共长天一色"),
    WINTER("冬季","千里冰封，万里雪飘");
    private final String seasonName;    //季节名称
    private final String seasonDesc;    //季节描述

    private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
}

toString() 默认返回的是常量名（对象名），可以继续手动重写该方法！

public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        System.out.println(Season.SPRING.toString());	//输出：SPRING
        System.out.println(Season.SUMMER.toString());	//输出：SUMMER
        System.out.println(Season.AUTUMN.toString());	//输出：AUTUMN
        System.out.println(Season.WINTER.toString());	//输出：WINTER
        System.out.println(Season.SPRING); 				//输出：SPRING
        System.out.println(Season.SUMMER);				//输出：SUMMER
        System.out.println(Season.AUTUMN);				//输出: AUTUMN
        System.out.println(Season.WINTER);				//输出：WINTER
    }
}
//未重写toSpring()的结果
String toString(): 默认返回的是常量名（对象名），可以继续手动重写该方法！

name() 得到当前枚举常量的名称。建议优先使用toString()。

public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        System.out.println(Season.SPRING.name());
        System.out.println(Season.SUMMER.name());
        System.out.println(Season.AUTUMN.name());
        System.out.println(Season.WINTER.name());
    }
}
//输出结果
//SPRING
//SUMMER
//AUTUMN
//WINTER
String name():得到当前枚举常量的名称。建议优先使用toString()。

values()

public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }
    }
}
//输出结果
//SPRING
//SUMMER
//AUTUMN
//WINTER
static 枚举类型[] values():返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值，是一个静态方法

valueOf(String objName)

static 枚举类型 valueOf(String name)：可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”。如不是，会有运行时异常：IllegalArgumentException。
    
    
public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        String objName = "SPRING";
        Season season1 = Season.valueOf(objName);
        System.out.println(season1);	//SPRING
        Season season2 = Season.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(season2);	//WINTER
    }
}
//若重写了toSpring()方法，则按照重写后的来输出

int ordinal（）

public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        System.out.println(Season.SPRING.ordinal());
        System.out.println(Season.SUMMER.ordinal());
        System.out.println(Season.AUTUMN.ordinal());
        System.out.println(Season.WINTER.ordinal());
    }
}
//int ordinal():返回当前枚举常量的次序号，默认从0开始
//输出结果 
//0
//1
//2
//3

枚举类实现接口操作

枚举类实现接口，在枚举类中重写接口中的抽象方法。当通过不同的枚举类对象调用此方法时，执行的是同一个方法

enum Season implements Info{
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","烈日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑");
    private final String seasonName;	//季节名称
    private final String seasonDesc;	//季节描述
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }
    public String getSeasonName(){
        returtn this.seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc(){
        return this.seasonName;
    }
    
    public void show(){
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }
}
interface Info{
    void show();
}

public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        Season.SPRING.show();
        Season.SUMMER.show();
    }
}
//此时，重写方法是在Season类中
//输出结果:
// 这是一个季节
// 这是一个季节

让枚举类的每一个对象都重写接口中的抽象方法，当通过不同的枚举类对象调用此方法时，执行的是不同的方法

interface Info{
    void show();
}

enum Season implements Info{
    SPRING("春天","春意盎然"){
        public void show(){
            System.out.println("春风又绿江南岸");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","烈日炎炎"){
        public void show(){
            System.out.println("映日荷花别样红");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        public void show(){
            System.out.println("秋水共长天一色");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","白雪皑皑"){
        public void show(){
            System.out.println("窗含西岭千秋雪");
        }
    };
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }
    public String getSeasonName(){
        return this.seasonName;
    }
    public String getSeasonDesc(){
        return this.seasonDesc;
    }
    
}
public class SeasonTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        Season []seasons = Season.values();
        for(int i = 0; i < seasons.length;i++){
            seasons[i].show();
        }
    }
}

//输出
春风又绿江南岸
映日荷花别样红
秋水共长天一色
窗含西岭千秋雪

练习

定义Employee类，表示员工信息。

定义枚举类Status,表示员工状态

class Employee{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Status status;
    
    public Employee(){
        
    }
    public Employee(String name,int age,Status status){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.status = status;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }
    public void setStatus(Status status){
        this.status = status;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return this.name;
    }     
    public int getAge(){
        return this.age;
    }
    public Status getStatus(){
        return this.status;
    }
        @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", status=" + status +
                '}';
    }
}
enum Status{
    BUSY,FREE,VOCATION,DIMISSION;
}

public class EmployeeTest{
    public static void main(String []args){
        Employee e1 = new Employee("Tom",21,Status.BUSY);
        System.out.println(e1.toString());
    }
}
//输出结果
Employee{name='TOM', age=21, status=BUSY}

使用枚举类实现单例模式

//jdk 5.0之前，使用枚举类实现单例模式
class Bank{
    private Bank(){}
    public static final Bank instance = new Bank();	//使用final，不能更改instance的内容
}	
//jdk5.0 使用enum 枚举类实现单例模式
class Bank{
    CPB;
}
class GirlFriend{
    XIAO_LI(20);
    private final int age;
    private GirlFriend(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }
}

定义颜色枚举类Color

声明final修饰的Int类型的属性red,green,blue 即RGB

声明final修饰的String类型的属性description

声明带参构造器

创建七个常量对象（七个颜色）

重写toString方法

public class ColorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Color []colors = Color.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(colors[i]);
        }
    }
}
enum Color{
    RED(255,0,0,"红色"),
    ORANGE(255,128,0,"橙色"),
    YELLOW(255,255,0,"黄色"),
    GREEN(0,255,0,"绿色"),
    CYAN(0,255,255,"青色"),
    BLUE(0,0,255,"蓝色"),
    PURPLE(128,0,255,"紫色");
    private final int red;
    private final int greed;
    private final int blue;
    private final String description;   //颜色的描述

    Color(int red, int greed, int blue, String description) {
        this.red = red;
        this.greed = greed;
        this.blue = blue;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return super.toString()+"("+red+","+green+","+blue+")"+"——>"+description+")";
        //super.toString()表示父类的toString()方法，即未重写之前的toString方法
    }
    
}
//输出效果
RED(255,0,0)——>红色)
ORANGE(255,128,0)——>橙色)
YELLOW(255,255,0)——>黄色)
GREEN(0,255,0)——>绿色)
CYAN(0,255,255)——>青色)
BLUE(0,0,255)——>蓝色)
PURPLE(128,0,255)——>紫色)