ArcEngine许可相关

1.组件初始化失败

Error: ArcGIS version not specified. You must first bind to an ArcGIS version prior to using any ArcGIS components

官方解决方案
10.0版本开始需要执行Runtime绑定，即开发前确定具体的产品。执行该操作需引用ESRI.ArcGIS.Version，具体代码如下：

ESRI.ArcGIS.RuntimeManager.Bind(ESRI.ArcGIS.ProductCode.Desktop); 

2.NO License

System.ComponentModel.LicenseException:“您必须有许可证才能使用此ActiveX控件”

解决方案：进行许可证初始化

IAoInitialize m_AoInitialize = new AoInitializeClass();
esriLicenseStatus licenseStatus = esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseUnavailable;
licenseStatus = m_AoInitialize.Initialize(esriLicenseProductCode.esriLicenseProductCodeAdvanced);

以上方法在低版本中适用，但在10.3以上的版本中无法正常初始化许可证。

3.通用许可证初始化方法

在winform中开发时，可以添加LicenseControl控件，并通过设置属性进行对应产品和扩展模块开发，如下所示；

但在实际开发过程中，有时会不方便直接添加LicenseControl控件，此时需要用代码进行许可证初始化，以下方法经验证，比2中介绍的方法更加适用，在10.2.2、10.6、10.7版本中都得以初始化成功：

private static IAoInitialize aoInitialize;
public static bool AlreadyInitialized { get; private set; }

/// <summary>
/// 需要添加许可的产品
/// </summary>
private static List<esriLicenseProductCode> ProductList = new List<esriLicenseProductCode>()
{
    esriLicenseProductCode.esriLicenseProductCodeAdvanced,
    esriLicenseProductCode.esriLicenseProductCodeEngineGeoDB,
    esriLicenseProductCode.esriLicenseProductCodeEngine
};
/// <summary>
/// 需要添加许可的扩展
/// </summary>
private static List<esriLicenseExtensionCode> ExtensionList = new List<esriLicenseExtensionCode>()
{
    esriLicenseExtensionCode.esriLicenseExtensionCode3DAnalyst,
    esriLicenseExtensionCode.esriLicenseExtensionCodeSpatialAnalyst,
    esriLicenseExtensionCode.esriLicenseExtensionCodeNetwork
};
private static object lockObject=new object();
public static Dictionary<esriLicenseExtensionCode, bool> ExtensionCodes { get; } = new Dictionary<esriLicenseExtensionCode, bool>();
public static bool InitializeApplication()
{
    //避免多线程访问时重复初始化
    lock (lockObject)
    {
        if (AlreadyInitialized)
        {
            return AlreadyInitialized;
        }
        AlreadyInitialized = false;
        //Runime绑定
        ESRI.ArcGIS.RuntimeManager.Bind(ESRI.ArcGIS.ProductCode.Desktop);
        //许可证初始化
        aoInitialize = new AoInitializeClass();
        var licenseStatus = esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseUnavailable;
        //产品许可初始化
        foreach (esriLicenseProductCode licenseProductCode in ProductList)
        {
            licenseStatus = aoInitialize.IsProductCodeAvailable(licenseProductCode);
            if (licenseStatus != esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseAvailable)
            {
                continue;
            }
            licenseStatus = aoInitialize.Initialize(licenseProductCode);
            if (licenseStatus != esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseCheckedOut)
            {
                continue;
            }
            AlreadyInitialized = true;
            //扩展模块初始化
            CheckOutExtensions(licenseProductCode);
            string extensionMessage = "ArcGIS扩展模块:";
            foreach (esriLicenseExtensionCode extensionCode in ExtensionCodes.Keys)
            {
                extensionMessage = string.Format("{0}\n                     {1,-20}   {2}", extensionMessage, extensionCode.ToString().Substring("esriLicenseExtensionCode".Length), ExtensionCodes[extensionCode] ? "可用" : "不可用");
            }
            return true;
        }
        throw new Exception($"ArcGIS授权失败:{LicenseMessage(licenseStatus)}");
    }
}
/// <summary>
///  //扩展模块初始化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productCode"></param>
private static void CheckOutExtensions(esriLicenseProductCode productCode)
{
    foreach (esriLicenseExtensionCode extensionCode in ExtensionList)
    {
        esriLicenseStatus licenseStatus = aoInitialize.IsExtensionCodeAvailable(productCode, extensionCode);
        if (licenseStatus == esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseAvailable)
        {
            licenseStatus = aoInitialize.CheckOutExtension(extensionCode);
        }
        ExtensionCodes[extensionCode] = licenseStatus == esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseCheckedOut;
    }
}
private static string LicenseMessage(esriLicenseStatus licenseStatus)
{
    string licenseMessage = "";
    if ((licenseStatus == esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseNotLicensed))
    {
        licenseMessage = "当前产品未被授权!";
    }
    else if ((licenseStatus == esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseUnavailable))
    {
        licenseMessage = "当前授权信息不可用!";
    }
    else if ((licenseStatus == esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseFailure))
    {
        licenseMessage = "未预料到的授权错误！请联系管理员。";
    }
    else if ((licenseStatus == esriLicenseStatus.esriLicenseAlreadyInitialized))
    {
        licenseMessage = "授权已被初始化！请检查功能实现。";
    }
    return licenseMessage;
}

其中esriLicenseProductCode相当于上图左侧的系列产品，esriLicenseExtensionCode相当于上图右侧的系列扩展。
当然，整个程序关闭时不要忘记执行如下ShutdownApplication函数关闭许可，否则程序进程关闭后依然会存在。

/// <summary>
/// 程序结束时调用，否则程序进程在程序关闭后依然存在
/// </summary>
public static void ShutdownApplication()
{
    if (aoInitialize == null)
        return;

    ExtensionList.ForEach(c =>
    {
        aoInitialize.CheckInExtension(c);
    });

    aoInitialize.Shutdown();
    aoInitialize = null;
}