Semaphore信号量

Semaphore信号量

1.概念

信号量，用来限制能同时访问共享资源的线程上限 .

Semaphore基本使用

package com.concurrent.p10;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

@Slf4j(topic = "c.Test_Semaphore")
public class Test_Semaphore {
   

    /**
     * 15:31:09.082 [Thread-0] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:09.081 [Thread-1] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:09.081 [Thread-2] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:11.086 [Thread-2] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:11.086 [Thread-0] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:11.086 [Thread-1] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:11.086 [Thread-3] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:11.086 [Thread-4] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:11.086 [Thread-5] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:13.086 [Thread-3] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:13.086 [Thread-4] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:13.086 [Thread-5] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:13.086 [Thread-6] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:13.086 [Thread-7] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:13.086 [Thread-8] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:15.087 [Thread-7] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:15.087 [Thread-8] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:15.087 [Thread-9] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - start...
     * 15:31:15.087 [Thread-6] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     * 15:31:17.087 [Thread-9] DEBUG c.Test_Semaphore - end...
     */
    @Test
    public void test1() {
   
        //创建Semaphore对象,最大允许3个线程同时运行
        Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   
            new Thread(() -> {
   
                try {
   
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    log.debug("start...");
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    log.debug("end...");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
   
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
   
                    semaphore.release();
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for (; ; ) ;
    }
}

2.Semaphore应用

限制对共享资源的使用

• 使用 Semaphore 限流，在访问高峰期时，让请求线程阻塞，高峰期过去再释放许可，当然它只适合限制单机
  线程数量，并且仅是限制线程数，而不是限制资源数（例如连接数，请对比 Tomcat LimitLatch 的实现）
• 用 Semaphore 实现简单连接池，对比『享元模式』下的实现（用wait notify），性能和可读性显然更好，
  注意下面的实现中线程数和数据库连接数是相等的

使用Semaphore改进wait/notufy实现的数据库连接池

package com.concurrent.p10;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerArray;

/**
 * 使用Semaphore改进数据库连接池
 */
@Slf4j(topic = "c.Test_SemaphoreApplication")
public class Test_SemaphoreApplication {
   

    class MyConn implements Connection {
   

        private String connName;

        public MyConn(String connName)