GDI+绘制希尔伯特曲线

前言

看分形图形时偶然看到了希尔伯特曲线,因此决定写个程序画着玩。

希尔伯特曲线

希尔伯特曲线是一种能填充满一个平面正方形的分形曲线（空间填充曲线）。

绘制希尔伯特曲线

求曲线上点的各个语言版本请参照开源的Github项目Hilbert_curve,本文主要使用GDI+进行希尔伯特曲线的绘制。

控制台版

控制台版本是上述开源项目自带的,效果图如下:

Hilbert curve, order=1

|__|

Hilbert curve, order=2
 __    __
 __|  |__
|   __   |
|__|  |__|

Hilbert curve, order=3
    __ __    __ __
|__|   __|  |__   |__|
 __   |__    __|   __
|  |__ __|  |__ __|  |
|__    __ __ __    __|
 __|  |__    __|  |__
|   __   |  |   __   |
|__|  |__|  |__|  |__|

Hilbert curve, order=4
 __    __ __    __ __    __ __    __ __    __
 __|  |__   |__|   __|  |__   |__|   __|  |__
|   __   |   __   |__    __|   __   |   __   |
|__|  |__|  |  |__ __|  |__ __|  |  |__|  |__|
 __    __   |   __ __    __ __   |   __    __
|  |__|  |  |__|   __|  |__   |__|  |  |__|  |
|__    __|   __   |__    __|   __   |__    __|
 __|  |__ __|  |__ __|  |__ __|  |__ __|  |__
|   __ __    __ __    __    __ __    __ __   |
|__|   __|  |__   |__|  |__|   __|  |__   |__|
 __   |__    __|   __    __   |__    __|   __
|  |__ __|  |__ __|  |  |  |__ __|  |__ __|  |
|__    __ __ __    __|  |__    __ __ __    __|
 __|  |__    __|  |__    __|  |__    __|  |__
|   __   |  |   __   |  |   __   |  |   __   |
|__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|  |__|

图片版

基于控制台版本的代码,我使用GDI+将其绘制到图片并保存。

画数字

即将希尔伯特曲线图中的每个方块按顺序标上数字。
主要代码:

void DrawNumber(const std::vector<Point> &points, int order, int pixel = 20)
  {
    int n = 1 << order;
    int width = n * pixel;
    int height = width;
    BitmapPtr bitmap = std::make_shared<Gdiplus::Bitmap>(width, height);
    std::shared_ptr<Gdiplus::Graphics> graphics = std::make_shared<Gdiplus::Graphics>(bitmap.get());
    if (!bitmap) return;
    int cnt = 0;
    int font_size = 8;
    for (auto &p : points) {
      int i = cnt % n;
      int j = cnt / n;
      ++cnt;

      double r = i / double(n);
      double g = j / double(n);
      double b = 0.25;

      int ir = static_cast<int>(255.999 * r);
      int ig = static_cast<int>(255.999 * g);
      int ib = static_cast<int>(255.999 * b);

      int argb = 0xff000000 | (ir << 16) | (ig << 8) | (ib);

      Gdiplus::Rect rect(p.x * pixel, p.y * pixel, pixel, pixel);
      Gdiplus::SolidBrush brush(argb);
      graphics->FillRectangle(&brush, rect);
      Gdiplus::FontFamily ff(L"Microsoft YaHei");
      Gdiplus::Font font(&ff, font_size, Gdiplus::FontStyleRegular, Gdiplus::Unit::UnitPixel);
      Gdiplus::Color text_color(0xffffffff);
      Gdiplus::SolidBrush text_brush(text_color);
      std::wstring num_str = std::to_wstring(cnt);
      graphics->DrawString(num_str.c_str(), num_str.length(), &font, Gdiplus::PointF(p.x*pixel, p.y*pixel), &text_brush);
    }
    BitmapUtil::SaveBitmapAsPng(bitmap, std::string("Hilbert_") + std::to_string(order) + ".png");
  }

效果图:

画线

即绘制希尔伯特曲线。
主要代码:

  void DrawLine(const std::vector<Point> &points, int order, int pixel = 20)
  {
    int n = 1 << order;
    int width = n * pixel;
    int height = width;
    BitmapPtr bitmap = std::make_shared<Gdiplus::Bitmap>(width, height);
    std::shared_ptr<Gdiplus::Graphics> graphics = std::make_shared<Gdiplus::Graphics>(bitmap.get());
    if (!bitmap) return;
    int cnt = 0;
    int font_size = 6;
    double t = (pixel / 2.0);
    Gdiplus::PointF last_point(t, t);
    for (auto &p : points) {
      int i = cnt % n;
      int j = cnt / n;
      ++cnt;

      double r = i / double(n);
      double g = j / double(n);
      double b = 0.25;

      int ir = static_cast<int>(255.999 * r);
      int ig = static_cast<int>(255.999 * g);
      int ib = static_cast<int>(255.999 * b);

      int argb = 0xff000000 | (ir << 16) | (ig << 8) | (ib);

      Gdiplus::Rect rect(p.x * pixel, p.y * pixel, pixel, pixel);
      Gdiplus::SolidBrush brush(argb);
      Gdiplus::SolidBrush line_brush(0xffffffff);
      Gdiplus::Pen pen(&line_brush, 2);
      Gdiplus::PointF ps(last_point.X, last_point.Y);
      Gdiplus::PointF pe(p.x*pixel + t, p.y * pixel + t);
      last_point = pe;
      graphics->FillRectangle(&brush, rect);
      graphics->DrawLine(&pen, ps, pe);
    }
    BitmapUtil::SaveBitmapAsPng(bitmap, std::string("Hilbert_curve_") + std::to_string(order) + ".png");
  }

效果图:

完整代码

代码下载-CSDN

参考资料

1. 希尔伯特曲线-知乎
2. Hilbert_Curve
3. 什么是分形?-知乎