对象克隆

当拷贝一个变量时,原始变量与拷贝变量引用同一个对象,改变一个变量将对另一个对象产生影响。

Employee original = new Employee("Morty", 400000);
Employee copy = original;
copy.raiseSalary(10);//oops--also changed original

​ 而clone()希望达到的目的是,在改变一个变量时对另一个变量没有影响。比如:

Employee original = new Employee("Morty", 400000);
Employee clone = (Employee) original.clone();
clone.raiseSalary(10);//original Not Changed

​ 在一般情况下,调用Cloneable接口总没有错,比如下例在基本数据类型上clone()的应用,int、String这样的变量在克隆之后可以随意更改。但是注意,代码20行是Cloneable接口默认方法,在没有重写时默认为return (Object) super.clone();,这样的clone称之为浅克隆

public class CloneTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Student morty = new Student(22, "Morty");
            Student daisy = morty.clone();
            daisy.setName("Daisy");
            daisy.setAge(21);
            System.out.println(morty);//Student{age=22, name='Morty'}
            System.out.println(daisy);//Student{age=21, name='Daisy'}
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static class Student implements Cloneable {
        private int age;
        private String name;

        public Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
            return (Student) super.clone();
        }

        public Student(int age, String name) {
            this.age = age;
            this.name = name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Student{");
            sb.append("age=").append(age);
            sb.append(", name='").append(name).append('\'');
            sb.append('}');
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }
}

​ 然而,一般的对象除了基本数据类型,都包含有自身独有的类,比如Teacher有自己的name,也有自己的Student。那么,克隆Teacher之后,新Teacher的Student类变量改变时,原来Teacher的Student类变量也像name变量一样不会变吗?在下面的代码中,teacher2首先克隆了teacher1的name和Student,之后更改了name,显然不会改变teacher1的name。更改Student类变量的name和age后,teacher1的Student类的name和age也改变了!说明clone操作很懒,它并没有为teacher2新建一个Student类变量,而是让它指向与teacher1同一个目标,或者说引用。

public class CloneTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            CloneTest1.Student student1 = new CloneTest1.Student(22, "morty");
            Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
            teacher1.setName("Dr.Rick");
            teacher1.setAge(45);
            teacher1.setStudent(student1);

            Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher) teacher1.clone();
            CloneTest1.Student student2 = teacher2.getStudent();

            teacher2.setName("Dr.Ham");
            teacher2.setAge(46);
            student2.setAge(23);
            student2.setName("daisy");

            System.out.println(teacher1);//Teacher{name='Dr.Rick', age=45, student=Student{age=23, name='daisy'}}
            System.out.println(teacher2);//Teacher{name='Dr.Ham', age=46, student=Student{age=23, name='daisy'}}
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    static class Teacher implements Cloneable {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private CloneTest1.Student student;

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public CloneTest1.Student getStudent() {
            return student;
        }

        public void setStudent(CloneTest1.Student student) {
            this.student = student;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Teacher{");
            sb.append("name='").append(name).append('\'');
            sb.append(", age=").append(age);
            sb.append(", student=").append(student);
            sb.append('}');
            return sb.toString();
        }

        @Override
        protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
            return super.clone();//依旧是浅克隆
        }
    }
}

问题出在return (Object) super.clone();这行代码上,浅克隆并不会克隆除了基础数据类型之外的类。要想实现其他复杂类的克隆,避免编译器将复杂类简单地通过引用来处理,而非创立一个新的类,就需要重写clone()类。代码如下,注意第29~31行的写法。这样重写以后,改变teacher2的Student类就不会对teacher1产生影响。这样重写clone()类的clone称为深克隆

public class CloneTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            CloneTest1.Student student1 = new CloneTest1.Student(22,"morty");
            Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
            teacher1.setStudent(student1);
            teacher1.setName("Dr.Rick");

            Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher) teacher1.clone();
            teacher2.setName("Dr.Ham");
            CloneTest1.Student student2 = (CloneTest1.Student) teacher2.getStudent();
            student2.setName("daisy");
            student2.setAge(22);

            System.out.println(teacher1);//Teacher{name='Dr.Rick', student=Student{age=22, name='morty'}}
            System.out.println(teacher2);//Teacher{name='Dr.Ham', student=Student{age=22, name='daisy'}}
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    static class Teacher implements Cloneable {
        private String name;
        private CloneTest1.Student student;

        @Override
        protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
                Teacher teacher = (Teacher) super.clone();
            teacher.setStudent((CloneTest1.Student) teacher.getStudent().clone());
            return teacher;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public CloneTest1.Student getStudent() {
            return student;
        }

        public void setStudent(CloneTest1.Student student) {
            this.student = student;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("Teacher{");
            sb.append("name='").append(name).append('\'');
            sb.append(", student=").append(student);
            sb.append('}');
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }

}

总结

浅克隆只克隆基本数据类型的变量,对于非基本类型数据仅仅让clone对象引用原来的数据,改变非基本数据类型,原来的数据也会改变。

@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return super.clone();//浅克隆
}

深克隆可以克隆所有数据类型的变量,只要在clone()方法里对特别的类进行重写。

@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Teacher teacher = (Teacher) super.clone();
    teacher.setStudent((CloneTest1.Student) teacher.getStudent().clone());
    return teacher;//深克隆
}

把本文代码自己敲一遍就懂了浅拷贝和深拷贝。在实际应用中,由于这种clone操作太复杂,不适合大量引用的场景,一般都采用json格式记录各种数据。

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值