1.deque内存结构
deque是双向开口的,即在头尾插入和删除元素效率都很高,逻辑上deque的内存结构是这样的
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/0d6b47379b9f4e7a9275fb16d916f458.png)
实际上,deque是用一个中控器map来管理这些连续的内存空间。map是一小块连续的空间,每个元素都是一个指针,指向连续的内存空间,指向的空间中存储的才是真正的deque的元素。
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/aaea7b7c218d4b8fa63dea07da9a91fc.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA5aSp56m65Lit55qE6YeO6bif,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16)
2.deque容量操作
函数 | 功能 |
---|
bool empty() | 检查容器是否为空 |
size_t size() | 返回容器中元素的个数 |
size_t max_size() | 返回容器由于系统或库的实现所限制可容纳的元素最大数量 |
void resize(size_t new_size, const T& x) | 重设容器的size大小,如果size变大,则以默认值填充变长的位置,如果size变小,则删除变短那部分的尾部元素 |
void shrink_to_fit() | 请求移除容器未使用的容量 |
void test_capacity(){
deque<int> test;
cout << "*************************after init****************************\n";
cout << "empty(): " << test.empty() << " size(): " << test.size() << " max_size(): " << test.max_size() << endl;
cout << "*************************after push_back****************************\n";
test.push_back(1);
cout << "empty(): " << test.empty() << " size(): " << test.size() << " max_size(): " << test.max_size() << endl;
cout << "*************************after resize(5)****************************\n";
test.resize(5);
cout << "empty(): " << test.empty() << " size(): " << test.size() << " max_size(): " << test.max_size() << endl;
cout << "*************************after shrink_to_fit****************************\n";
test.shrink_to_fit();
cout << "empty(): " << test.empty() << " size(): " << test.size() << " max_size(): " << test.max_size() << endl;
}
结果:
*************************after init****************************
empty(): 1 size(): 0 max_size(): 2305843009213693951
*************************after push_back****************************
empty(): 0 size(): 1 max_size(): 2305843009213693951
*************************after resize(5)****************************
empty(): 0 size(): 5 max_size(): 2305843009213693951
*************************after shrink_to_fit****************************
empty(): 0 size(): 5 max_size(): 2305843009213693951
3.deque构造
函数 | 功能 |
---|
deque() | 默认构造函数,构造一个空容器 |
deque(size_t n) | 构造具有n个默认值的容器 |
deque(size_t n, const T& value) | 构造具有n个值为value的容器 |
deque(first, last) | 构造拥有范围 [first, last) 内容的容器 |
deque( const deque& other ) | 拷贝构造函数,构造一个拥有other内容的容器 |
deque( deque&& other ) | 移动构造函数,用移动语义构造拥有other内容的容器,移动后other为empty() |
deque( std::initializer_list init) | 构造拥有initializer_list init内容的容器 |
void test_construct(){
cout << "*************************deque()****************************\n";
deque<int> test;
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************deque(10)****************************\n";
deque<int> test1(10);
for(int i=0; i<test1.size(); ++i){
cout << test1[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************deque(10,2)****************************\n";
deque<int> test2(10,2);
for(int i=0; i<test2.size(); ++i){
cout << test2[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************deque(test2.begin(), test2.end())****************************\n";
deque<int> test3(test2.begin(), test2.end());
for(int i=0; i<test3.size(); ++i){
cout << test3[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************deque(test2)****************************\n";
deque<int> test4(test2);
for(int i=0; i<test4.size(); ++i){
cout << test4[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************deque(std::move(test2))****************************\n";
deque<int> test5(std::move(test2));
for(int i=0; i<test5.size(); ++i){
cout << test5[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************deque{1,2,3,4,5}****************************\n";
deque<int> test6{1,2,3,4,5};
for(int i=0; i<test6.size(); ++i){
cout << test6[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
*************************deque()****************************
*************************deque(10)****************************
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*************************deque(10,2)****************************
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
*************************deque(test2.begin(), test2.end())****************************
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
*************************deque(test2)****************************
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
*************************deque(std::move(test2))****************************
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
*************************deque{1,2,3,4,5}****************************
1 2 3 4 5
4.deque元素访问
函数 | 功能 |
---|
at() | 访问指定元素,同时进行越界检查 |
operator[] | 访问指定元素 |
front() | 访问第一个元素 |
back() | 访问最后一个元素 |
void test_access(){
deque<int>test{1,2,3,4,5};
cout<< "at(2):" << test.at(2) << " [3]:"<< test[3] << " front:" << test.front() << " back:" << test.back() << endl;
}
at(2):3 [3]:4 front:1 back:5
5.deque元素修改
函数 | 功能 |
---|
push_back(const T& value) | 在尾部插入新元素value |
push_front(const T& value) | 在头部插入新元素value |
insert(iterator pos, const T& value) | 在pos前插入元素value |
insert(iterator pos, size_t n, const T& value) | 在pos前插入n个元素value |
insert(iterator pos, iterator first, iterator last) | 在pos前插入来自范围 [first, last)的元素 |
erase(iterator pos) | 移除pos处的元素 |
erase(iterator first, iterator last) | 移除范围 [first, last) 的元素 |
emplace_back(Args&&… args) | 在容器尾部就地构造元素 |
emplace_front(Args&&… args) | 在容器头部就地构造元素 |
pop_back() | 删除尾部元素 |
pop_front() | 删除头部元素 |
swap(deque& other) | 将内容与other交换。不在单个元素上调用任何移动、复制或交换操作 |
clear() | 清除所有元素 |
void test_modifier(){
deque<int>test;
cout << "*************************push_back(1)****************************\n";
test.push_back(1);
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************push_front(2)****************************\n";
test.push_front(2);
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************insert(test.begin(),2)****************************\n";
test.insert(test.begin(), 2);
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************insert(test.begin(),3,4)****************************\n";
test.insert(test.begin(), 3, 4);
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************insert(test.begin(),test2.begin(),test2.end())****************************\n";
deque<int>test2{1,2,3,4,5};
test.insert(test.begin(), test2.begin(), test2.end());
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************erase(test.begin())****************************\n";
test.erase(test.begin());
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************erase(test.begin(),test.begin()+2)****************************\n";
test.erase(test.begin(), test.begin()+2);
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************emplace_back****************************\n";
class Book{
public:
Book(const std::string& name):m_name(name){}
inline std::string getName(){return m_name;}
private:
std::string m_name;
};
deque<Book> test_book;
test_book.emplace_back("C++ Primer");
for(int i=0; i<test_book.size(); ++i){
cout << test_book[i].getName() << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************emplace_front****************************\n";
test_book.emplace_front("Effective C++");
for(int i=0; i<test_book.size(); ++i){
cout << test_book[i].getName() << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************pop_back()****************************\n";
test.pop_back();
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************pop_front()****************************\n";
test.pop_front();
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************test.swap(test2)****************************\n";
test.swap(test2);
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "*************************clear()****************************\n";
test.clear();
for(int i=0; i<test.size(); ++i){
cout << test[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
*************************push_back(1)****************************
1
*************************push_front(2)****************************
1 2
*************************insert(test.begin(),2)****************************
2 1 2
*************************insert(test.begin(),3,4)****************************
4 4 4 2 1 2
*************************insert(test.begin(),test2.begin(),test2.end())****************************
1 2 3 4 5 4 4 4 2 1 2
*************************erase(test.begin())****************************
2 3 4 5 4 4 4 2 1 2
*************************erase(test.begin(),test.begin()+2)****************************
4 5 4 4 4 2 1 2
*************************emplace_back****************************
C++ Primer
*************************emplace_front****************************
Effective C++ C++ Primer
*************************pop_back()****************************
4 5 4 4 4 2 1
*************************pop_front()****************************
5 4 4 4 2 1
*************************test.swap(test2)****************************
1 2 3 4 5
*************************clear()****************************