使用Tensorflow实现MNIST，环境Ubuntu16.04+python3.6

环境的安装可以参考我上一篇博客

最近开始学习深度学习方面的知识，做为深度学习的“Holle Word！”，MNIST是我们的入门demo，查了很多关于MNIST的资料，大部分只是讲解了MNIST的工作原理，代码原理，做为刚刚开始学习的新手，完全不知道如何下手，怎么创建工程，训练集和测试集放哪，如何训练，如何测试，完全不知所措。接下来我就详细的记录下我学习MNIST的过程。

TensorFlow中文社区

http://www.tensorfly.cn/tfdoc/tutorials/mnist_pros.html

这里的教程是基于python2的版本进行教学的，所以会出现各种问题，原理性的东西可以在这个里面学习，代码的话就得参考。

MNIST数据的下载

关于MNIST的下载，包括放哪困扰了我很久，很多博客都没详细的讲解，作为初学者完全不知道怎么弄。

推荐下载地址：
http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/

train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz: training set images (9912422 bytes)
train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz: training set labels (28881 bytes)
t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz: test set images (1648877 bytes)
t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz: test set labels (4542 bytes)

下载这4个文件，然后在你放置代码的目录下，创建MNIST_data文件夹，把这个4个文件放置在 MNIST_data 文件夹里面。比如我训练的代码为 train.py, 在 train.py 这个目录下创建 MNIST_data 文件夹。

训练程序

train.py

from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data', one_hot=True)

import tensorflow as tf
import os
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'


sess = tf.InteractiveSession()


x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 784])
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, 10])
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784,10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))


sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())

y = tf.matmul(x,W) + b

cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(
    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_, logits=y))

train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5).minimize(cross_entropy)

for _ in range(1000):
  batch = mnist.train.next_batch(100)
  train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1]})
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1), tf.argmax(y_,1))

accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))

print(accuracy.eval(feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels}))

def weight_variable(shape):
  initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def bias_variable(shape):
  initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def conv2d(x, W):
  return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')

def max_pool_2x2(x):
  return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
                        strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')

W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])
x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1,28,28,1])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)

W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])
h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)

W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])

h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7*7*64])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)
W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 10])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([10])

y_conv = tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(
    tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_, logits=y_conv))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(1e-4).minimize(cross_entropy)
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_conv,1), tf.argmax(y_,1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))

saver = tf.train.Saver()  # defaults to saving all variables

sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
for i in range(20000):
  batch = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
  if i%100 == 0:
    train_accuracy = accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
        x:batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 1.0})
    print("step %d, training accuracy %g"%(i, train_accuracy))

  train_step.run(feed_dict={x: batch[0], y_: batch[1], keep_prob: 0.5})
saver.save(sess, '/home/user/PycharmProjects/model.ckpt')  #保存模型参数，注意把这里改为自己的路径

print("test accuracy %g"%accuracy.eval(feed_dict={
    x: mnist.test.images, y_: mnist.test.labels, keep_prob: 1.0}))

详细的代码解释自己看Tensorflow的文档就好。
训练的结果：

训练结束后会生产4个文件，地址在训练程序这个地方设置：

saver.save(sess, ‘/home/user/PycharmProjects/model.ckpt’) #保存模型参数，注意把这里改为自己的路径

准备好测试的图片

可以用画图创建 28*28 大小的png格式的图片

测试程序

test.py

from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
import tensorflow as tf
import os
os.environ['TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL'] = '2'
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


def imageprepare():

    file_name='/home/user/PycharmProjects/3.png'#导入自己的图片地址
    im = Image.open(file_name).convert('L')


    im.save("/home/user/PycharmProjects/sample.png")
    plt.imshow(im)
    plt.show()
    tv = list(im.getdata()) #get pixel values

    #normalize pixels to 0 and 1. 0 is pure white, 1 is pure black.
    tva = [ (255-x)*1.0/255.0 for x in tv]
    #print(tva)
    return tva




    # Define the model (same as when creating the model file)
result=imageprepare()
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))

def weight_variable(shape):
  initial = tf.truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def bias_variable(shape):
  initial = tf.constant(0.1, shape=shape)
  return tf.Variable(initial)

def conv2d(x, W):
  return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')

def max_pool_2x2(x):
  return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')

W_conv1 = weight_variable([5, 5, 1, 32])
b_conv1 = bias_variable([32])

x_image = tf.reshape(x, [-1,28,28,1])
h_conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x_image, W_conv1) + b_conv1)
h_pool1 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv1)

W_conv2 = weight_variable([5, 5, 32, 64])
b_conv2 = bias_variable([64])

h_conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(h_pool1, W_conv2) + b_conv2)
h_pool2 = max_pool_2x2(h_conv2)

W_fc1 = weight_variable([7 * 7 * 64, 1024])
b_fc1 = bias_variable([1024])

h_pool2_flat = tf.reshape(h_pool2, [-1, 7*7*64])
h_fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(h_pool2_flat, W_fc1) + b_fc1)

keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
h_fc1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(h_fc1, keep_prob)

W_fc2 = weight_variable([1024, 10])
b_fc2 = bias_variable([10])

y_conv=tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(h_fc1_drop, W_fc2) + b_fc2)

init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()



saver = tf.train.Saver()
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init_op)
    saver.restore(sess, "/home/user/PycharmProjects/model.ckpt")  #为刚刚训练集里输出的地址

    prediction=tf.argmax(y_conv,1)
    predint=prediction.eval(feed_dict={x: [result],keep_prob: 1.0}, session=sess)
    print(h_conv2)

    print('recognize result:')
    print(predint[0])

运行后打开了你所测试的图片，关闭这张图片后得出测试结果。

可以看出，完美的识别出5了。这就是MNIST demo的完整教程了，参考了很多博客，如有问题，请多多指教。