线程池之ThreadPoolExecutor使用

ThreadPoolExecutor

ThreadPoolExecutor提供了四个构造方法:
在这里插入图片描述
我们以最后一个构造方法(参数最多的那个),对其参数进行解释:

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, // 1
                              int maximumPoolSize,  // 2
                              long keepAliveTime,  // 3
                              TimeUnit unit,  // 4
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, // 5
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,  // 6
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler ) { //7
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }
序号	   名称			类型					含义
1	corePoolSize	int					核心线程池大小
2	maximumPoolSize	int					最大线程池大小
3	keepAliveTime	long				线程最大空闲时间
4	unit			TimeUnit			时间单位
5	workQueue		BlockingQueue<Runnable>	线程等待队列
6	threadFactory	ThreadFactory		线程创建工厂
7	handler			RejectedExecutionHandler	拒绝策略

对于参数不是很清楚的,可以参考 这篇文章
知道了各个参数的作用后,我们开始构造符合我们期待的线程池。首先看JDK给我们预定义的几种线程池:


预定义线程池

1、FixedThreadPool

   public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }

参数说明:

corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize相等,即其线程全为核心线程,是一个固定大小的线程池,是其优势;

keepAliveTime = 0 该参数默认对核心线程无效,而FixedThreadPool全部为核心线程;

workQueue 为LinkedBlockingQueue(无界阻塞队列),队列最大值为Integer.MAX_VALUE。如果任务提交速度持续大余任务处理速度,会造成队列大量阻塞。因为队列很大,很有可能在拒绝策略前,内存溢出。是其劣势;

FixedThreadPool的任务执行是无序的;

适用场景:可用于Web服务瞬时削峰,但需注意长时间持续高峰情况造成的队列阻塞。

2、CachedThreadPool

 public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

参数说明:

corePoolSize = 0,maximumPoolSize = Integer.MAX_VALUE,即线程数量几乎无限制;

keepAliveTime = 60s,线程空闲60s后自动结束。

workQueue 为 SynchronousQueue 同步队列,这个队列类似于一个接力棒,入队出队必须同时传递,因为CachedThreadPool线程创建无限制,不会有队列等待,所以使用SynchronousQueue;

适用场景:快速处理大量耗时较短的任务,如Netty的NIO接受请求时,可使用CachedThreadPool。

适用场景:快速处理大量耗时较短的任务,如Netty的NIO接受请求时,可使用CachedThreadPool。

3、SingleThreadExecutor

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

咋一瞅,不就是newFixedThreadPool(1)吗?定眼一看,这里多了一层FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService包装,这一层有什么用呢,写个dome来解释一下:

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService fixedExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) fixedExecutorService;
        System.out.println(threadPoolExecutor.getMaximumPoolSize());
        threadPoolExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);
        
        ExecutorService singleExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
//      运行时异常 java.lang.ClassCastException
//      ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor2 = (ThreadPoolExecutor) singleExecutorService;
    }

对比可以看出,FixedThreadPool可以向下转型为ThreadPoolExecutor,并对其线程池进行配置,而SingleThreadExecutor被包装后,无法成功向下转型。因此,SingleThreadExecutor被定以后,无法修改,做到了真正的Single。

而且newSingleThreadExecutor的核心线程和最大线程都是1,保证了只有一个线程进行工作,是一个单线程执行器

4、ScheduledThreadPool

 public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }

newScheduledThreadPool调用的是ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法,而ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor继承了ThreadPoolExecutor,构造是还是调用了其父类的构造方法。

 public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

创建一个线程池,可以调度命令在一个线程后运行,给定延迟,或定期执行。

自定义线程池

以下是自定义线程池,使用了有界队列,自定义ThreadFactory和拒绝策略的demo:

public class ThreadTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
        int corePoolSize = 2;
        int maximumPoolSize = 4;
        long keepAliveTime = 10;
        TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
        BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2);
        ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NameTreadFactory();
        RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new MyIgnorePolicy();
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit,
                workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
        executor.prestartAllCoreThreads(); // 预启动所有核心线程
        
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            MyTask task = new MyTask(String.valueOf(i));
            executor.execute(task);
        }

        System.in.read(); //阻塞主线程
    }

    static class NameTreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

        private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1);

        @Override
        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(r, "my-thread-" + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement());
            System.out.println(t.getName() + " has been created");
            return t;
        }
    }

    public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {

        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            doLog(r, e);
        }

        private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            // 可做日志记录等
            System.err.println( r.toString() + " rejected");
//          System.out.println("completedTaskCount: " + e.getCompletedTaskCount());
        }
    }

    static class MyTask implements Runnable {
        private String name;

        public MyTask(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(this.toString() + " is running!");
                Thread.sleep(3000); //让任务执行慢点
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "MyTask [name=" + name + "]";
        }
    }
}

在java8之后,我们可以使用lambda简化execute方法,如下

    @Test
    public void testlo()throws Exception{
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
        for (int i=0;i<7;i++){
            int finalI = i;
            executor.execute(()->{
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
               
                System.out.println("thread-"+finalI);


            });
        }
         //阻塞主线程
        Thread.sleep(7000);

    }

输出:

thread-1
thread-0
thread-4
thread-2
thread-3
thread-6
thread-5

在线程池中执行任务,如果主线程执行完成了便会直接返回,如果想看到线程池的执行结果,那么主线程的执行时间必须大于线程池任务完成时间,上面我们线程池任务阻塞了3s,所以完成一批线程池任务的时间为3s多一点,当我把主线程阻塞5s时,发现了只输出了5个结果,这是因为还有两个任务在任务队列对,在我们完成最大线程数量的任务后,会再从任务队列中取出队列执行,因为我们最大线程数为5,所以任务会被分成两批进行执行,所以所有任务完成需要6s多一点,所以我们把主线程阻塞7s,这样就可以看到所有的输出结果了。

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