目录
ThreadPoolExecutor
ThreadPoolExecutor提供了四个构造方法:
我们以最后一个构造方法(参数最多的那个),对其参数进行解释:
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, // 1
int maximumPoolSize, // 2
long keepAliveTime, // 3
TimeUnit unit, // 4
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, // 5
ThreadFactory threadFactory, // 6
RejectedExecutionHandler handler ) { //7
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
序号 名称 类型 含义
1 corePoolSize int 核心线程池大小
2 maximumPoolSize int 最大线程池大小
3 keepAliveTime long 线程最大空闲时间
4 unit TimeUnit 时间单位
5 workQueue BlockingQueue<Runnable> 线程等待队列
6 threadFactory ThreadFactory 线程创建工厂
7 handler RejectedExecutionHandler 拒绝策略
对于参数不是很清楚的,可以参考 这篇文章
知道了各个参数的作用后,我们开始构造符合我们期待的线程池。首先看JDK给我们预定义的几种线程池:
预定义线程池
1、FixedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
参数说明:
corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize相等,即其线程全为核心线程,是一个固定大小的线程池,是其优势;
keepAliveTime = 0 该参数默认对核心线程无效,而FixedThreadPool全部为核心线程;
workQueue 为LinkedBlockingQueue(无界阻塞队列),队列最大值为Integer.MAX_VALUE。如果任务提交速度持续大余任务处理速度,会造成队列大量阻塞。因为队列很大,很有可能在拒绝策略前,内存溢出。是其劣势;
FixedThreadPool的任务执行是无序的;
适用场景:可用于Web服务瞬时削峰,但需注意长时间持续高峰情况造成的队列阻塞。
2、CachedThreadPool
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
参数说明:
corePoolSize = 0,maximumPoolSize = Integer.MAX_VALUE,即线程数量几乎无限制;
keepAliveTime = 60s,线程空闲60s后自动结束。
workQueue 为 SynchronousQueue 同步队列,这个队列类似于一个接力棒,入队出队必须同时传递,因为CachedThreadPool线程创建无限制,不会有队列等待,所以使用SynchronousQueue;
适用场景:快速处理大量耗时较短的任务,如Netty的NIO接受请求时,可使用CachedThreadPool。
适用场景:快速处理大量耗时较短的任务,如Netty的NIO接受请求时,可使用CachedThreadPool。
3、SingleThreadExecutor
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
咋一瞅,不就是newFixedThreadPool(1)吗?定眼一看,这里多了一层FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService包装,这一层有什么用呢,写个dome来解释一下:
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService fixedExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = (ThreadPoolExecutor) fixedExecutorService;
System.out.println(threadPoolExecutor.getMaximumPoolSize());
threadPoolExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);
ExecutorService singleExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
// 运行时异常 java.lang.ClassCastException
// ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor2 = (ThreadPoolExecutor) singleExecutorService;
}
对比可以看出,FixedThreadPool可以向下转型为ThreadPoolExecutor,并对其线程池进行配置,而SingleThreadExecutor被包装后,无法成功向下转型。因此,SingleThreadExecutor被定以后,无法修改,做到了真正的Single。
而且newSingleThreadExecutor的核心线程和最大线程都是1,保证了只有一个线程进行工作,是一个单线程执行器
4、ScheduledThreadPool
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
newScheduledThreadPool调用的是ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法,而ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor继承了ThreadPoolExecutor,构造是还是调用了其父类的构造方法。
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue());
}
创建一个线程池,可以调度命令在一个线程后运行,给定延迟,或定期执行。
自定义线程池
以下是自定义线程池,使用了有界队列,自定义ThreadFactory和拒绝策略的demo:
public class ThreadTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
int corePoolSize = 2;
int maximumPoolSize = 4;
long keepAliveTime = 10;
TimeUnit unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2);
ThreadFactory threadFactory = new NameTreadFactory();
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new MyIgnorePolicy();
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit,
workQueue, threadFactory, handler);
executor.prestartAllCoreThreads(); // 预启动所有核心线程
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
MyTask task = new MyTask(String.valueOf(i));
executor.execute(task);
}
System.in.read(); //阻塞主线程
}
static class NameTreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private final AtomicInteger mThreadNum = new AtomicInteger(1);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r, "my-thread-" + mThreadNum.getAndIncrement());
System.out.println(t.getName() + " has been created");
return t;
}
}
public static class MyIgnorePolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
doLog(r, e);
}
private void doLog(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
// 可做日志记录等
System.err.println( r.toString() + " rejected");
// System.out.println("completedTaskCount: " + e.getCompletedTaskCount());
}
}
static class MyTask implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyTask(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(this.toString() + " is running!");
Thread.sleep(3000); //让任务执行慢点
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyTask [name=" + name + "]";
}
}
}
在java8之后,我们可以使用lambda简化execute方法,如下
@Test
public void testlo()throws Exception{
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(2));
for (int i=0;i<7;i++){
int finalI = i;
executor.execute(()->{
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("thread-"+finalI);
});
}
//阻塞主线程
Thread.sleep(7000);
}
输出:
thread-1
thread-0
thread-4
thread-2
thread-3
thread-6
thread-5
在线程池中执行任务,如果主线程执行完成了便会直接返回,如果想看到线程池的执行结果,那么主线程的执行时间必须大于线程池任务完成时间,上面我们线程池任务阻塞了3s,所以完成一批线程池任务的时间为3s多一点,当我把主线程阻塞5s时,发现了只输出了5个结果,这是因为还有两个任务在任务队列对,在我们完成最大线程数量的任务后,会再从任务队列中取出队列执行,因为我们最大线程数为5,所以任务会被分成两批进行执行,所以所有任务完成需要6s多一点,所以我们把主线程阻塞7s,这样就可以看到所有的输出结果了。