论文阅读:Densely Connected Convolutional Networks

目录

写在前面

论文详细讲解

PyTorch 官方 DenseNet 模型代码

问题

1、DenseNet 的参数量为什么比 ResNet 少?

2、PyTorch 查看模型的参数量

3、BN(Batch Normalization)层放哪里?

4、growth rate 在论文中指的是什么?有什么作用?

5、论文中的 DenseNet-B、DenseNet-C 和 DenseNet-BC 是什么意思?

6、SGD.dampening

7、DenseNet-121 中的 121 是怎么计算的?L 是什么意思?

 


 

写在前面

这是一篇比较经典的论文,我就不重复讲解了。主要是记录一下看论文过程中遇到的问题。

 


 

论文名称:Densely Connected Convolutional Networks

论文下载:https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.06993.pdf

论文作者:G Huang,Z Liu,VDM Laurens,KQ Weinberger

论文代码:https://github.com/liuzhuang13/DenseNet

PyTorch 官方版本:https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/_modules/torchvision/models/densenet.html

 


 

论文详细讲解

参考:

 


 

PyTorch 官方 DenseNet 模型代码

链接:

感觉论文把网络的每一小块讲得算比较清楚了,但是整体的网络结构具体是怎么连接的还不是很清晰。所以我把 DenseNet-121 的模型 print 出来,更方便理解。

DenseNet(
  (features): Sequential(
    (conv0): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(7, 7), stride=(2, 2), padding=(3, 3), bias=False)
    (norm0): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
    (relu0): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (pool0): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (denseblock1): _DenseBlock(
      (denselayer1): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer2): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(96, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(96, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer3): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer4): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(160, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(160, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer5): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(192, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(192, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer6): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(224, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(224, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
    )
    (transition1): _Transition(
      (norm): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (pool): AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0)
    )
    (denseblock2): _DenseBlock(
      (denselayer1): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer2): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(160, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(160, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer3): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(192, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(192, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer4): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(224, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(224, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer5): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer6): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(288, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(288, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer7): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(320, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(320, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer8): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(352, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(352, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer9): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(384, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(384, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer10): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(416, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(416, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer11): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(448, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(448, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer12): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(480, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(480, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
    )
    (transition2): _Transition(
      (norm): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv): Conv2d(512, 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (pool): AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0)
    )
    (denseblock3): _DenseBlock(
      (denselayer1): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(256, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(256, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer2): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(288, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(288, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer3): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(320, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(320, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer4): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(352, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(352, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer5): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(384, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(384, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer6): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(416, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(416, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer7): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(448, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(448, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer8): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(480, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(480, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer9): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(512, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer10): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(544, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(544, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer11): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(576, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(576, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer12): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(608, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(608, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer13): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(640, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(640, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer14): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(672, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(672, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer15): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(704, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(704, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer16): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(736, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(736, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer17): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(768, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(768, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer18): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(800, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(800, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer19): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(832, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(832, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer20): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(864, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(864, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer21): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(896, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(896, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer22): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(928, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(928, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer23): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(960, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(960, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer24): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(992, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(992, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
    )
    (transition3): _Transition(
      (norm): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
      (relu): ReLU(inplace=True)
      (conv): Conv2d(1024, 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
      (pool): AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0)
    )
    (denseblock4): _DenseBlock(
      (denselayer1): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(512, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(512, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer2): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(544, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(544, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer3): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(576, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(576, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer4): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(608, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(608, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer5): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(640, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(640, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer6): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(672, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(672, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer7): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(704, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(704, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer8): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(736, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(736, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer9): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(768, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(768, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer10): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(800, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(800, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer11): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(832, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(832, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer12): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(864, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(864, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer13): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(896, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(896, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer14): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(928, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(928, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer15): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(960, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(960, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
      (denselayer16): _DenseLayer(
        (norm1): BatchNorm2d(992, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu1): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv1): Conv2d(992, 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
        (norm2): BatchNorm2d(128, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
        (relu2): ReLU(inplace=True)
        (conv2): Conv2d(128, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
      )
    )
    (norm5): BatchNorm2d(1024, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  )
  (classifier): Linear(in_features=1024, out_features=1000, bias=True)
)

 


 

问题

1、DenseNet 的参数量为什么比 ResNet 少?

刚开始浏览论文图片的时候,我是不太明白:虽然 DenseNet 是用的 concatenate 的操作,但 concatenate 也意味着 channels 更多,而且 DenseNet 层与层之间的连接更多,所以 DenseNet 计算量应该更大呀!

后面分析到,参数量更少的两个原因:

  1. DenseNet 的 bottleneck 减少了通道数
  2. DenseNet 的 transition layer 也做了减少通道数的工作

首先,把 DenseNet 的 bottleneck 和对应 ResNet 的 building block 进行了比较,如下:

        

这个是 ResNet 的 building block,虽然内部有进行一个降维再升维的操作,但输入和输出通道数是没有变化的。

DenseNet 是有对通道数进行减少的。这里没有图,我就放一下对应 DenseNet 的 bottleneck 的代码。可以看到,作者是在 bottleneck 里用了一个 1*1 的 conv 层来降维的,所以通道数是减少了的。

 

接着,ResNet 的 bottleneck(左图)是增加通道数的!而对应 DenseNet 的 transition layer (右图)是减少通道数的!!!

          

 

 

 

2、PyTorch 查看模型的参数量

# Find total parameters and trainable parameters
total_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters())
print(f'{total_params:,} total parameters.')
total_trainable_params = sum(
    p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
print(f'{total_trainable_params:,} training parameters.')

 135,335,076 total parameters.
1,074,532 training parameters.

from torchstat import stat
import torchvision.models as models
model = models.resnet152()
stat(model, (3, 224, 224))

 

参考

 

 

 

3、BN(Batch Normalization)层放哪里?

这篇论文是将 BN 层放在 conv 和 relu 层之间。但是放的位置还是有蛮多讨论的。

可能只有直觉和经验性的指导意见,具体问题的具体答案可能还是得实验说了算。

参考:

 

 

 

4、growth rate 在论文中指的是什么?有什么作用?

  • If each function H produces k feature-maps, it follows that the lth layer has k0 +k×(l−1) input feature-maps, where k0 is the number of channels in the input layer. 
  • We refer to the hyper-parameter k as the growth rate of the network. 
  • One can view the feature-maps as the global state of the network. Each layer adds k feature-maps of its own to this state. The growth rate regulates how much new information each layer contributes to the global state.

 

 

 

5、论文中的 DenseNet-B、DenseNet-C 和 DenseNet-BC 是什么意思?

DenseNet-B:使用了“在 3*3 的 conv 前使用 1*1 的 conv 来进行降维”这样的 bottleneck 的 DenseNet

we refer to our network with such a bottleneck layer, i.e., to the BN-ReLU-Conv(1× 1)-BN-ReLU-Conv(3×3) version of H, as DenseNet-B.

DenseNet-C:在 transition layer 中,减少输出通道数的 DenseNet。

To further improve model compactness, we can reduce the number of feature-maps at transition layers. If a dense block contains m feature-maps, we let the following transition layer generate θm output feature-maps, where 0 <θ ≤1 is referred to as the compression factor. 

We refer the DenseNet with θ<1 as DenseNet-C.

如图,论文设置  θm = 0.5。也就是 transition layer 的输出通道数比输入减半。

DenseNet-BC:就是在 DenseNet 中既使用了减少输出通道数的 transition layer,又使用了减少输出通道数的 bottleneck。

 

 

 

6、SGD.dampening

  • weight_decay (float, 可选) – 权重衰减(L2惩罚)(默认:0,一般设置为 0.0005)
  • momentum (float, 可选) – 动量因子(默认:0,一般设置为 0.9)
  • dampening (float, 可选) – 动量的抑制因子(默认:0)

 

模型每次反向传导都会给各个可学习参数 p 计算出一个偏导数 g_{t},用于更新对应的参数 p。通常偏导数 g_{t}不会直接作用到对应的可学习参数 p上,而是通过优化器做一下处理,得到一个新的值 \widehat{g}_t,处理过程用函数 F 表示(不同的优化器对应的F的内容不同),即 \widehat{g}_t=F(g_{t}),然后和学习率 lr 一起用于更新可学习参数 p,即 p=p-\widehat{g}_t*lr。 

momentum

  • 动量值,通过上一次的 vt-1 和当前的偏导数 gt,得到本次的 v,即 v_{t}=v_{t-1}*momentum+g_{t},这个就是上述的函数F。
  • 动量是物理中的概念,它使v具有惯性,这样可以缓和v的抖动,有时候还可以帮助跳出局部盆地。
  • 比如上一次计算得到的 v 是 10,参数更新后,本次的偏导数 g 是0,那么使用 momentum=0.9 后,最终用于更新可学习参数的 v 是 10*0.9+0=9,而不是 0,这样参数仍会得到较大的更新,就会增大离开当前局部盆地的可能性。

 

dampening

  • dampening 是乘到偏导数 g 上的一个数,即:v_{t}=v_{t-1}*momentum+g_{t}*(1-dampening)
  • 注意:dampening 在优化器第一次更新时,不起作用。

 

weight_decay

  • weight_decay 的作用是用当前可学习参数 p 的值修改偏导数,即:g_{t}=g_{t}+(p*weight\_decay),这里待更新的可学习参数p的偏导数就是。然后再使用上述公式,计算得到。

参考:

 

 

 

7、DenseNet-121 中的 121 是怎么计算的?L 是什么意思?

From your information and the table 2. I can compute the number 121 as follows: 5+(6+12+24+16)*2=121, where 5 is (conv,pooling)+3 transition layers+ classification layer. we multiple 2 because each dense block has 2 layers (1x1 conv and 3x3 conv).

The number 121 corresponds to the number of layers with trainable weights (excluding batch normalization layer). The additional 5 layers include the initial 7x7 convolutional layer, 3 transitional layers and a fully connected layer.

 

In CIFAR implementation (non-BC structure), L = 3n+4, where 3 means number of dense blocks, n means number of conv layers in each dense block, 4 means 1 conv (before 1st dense block) + 2 transition + 1 classifcation).

In ImageNet implementation, if n means number of (1x1 + 3x3) conv layer compositions, then L = 4n + 5, because we have 4 dense blocks thus 3 transition layers here. 

参考:

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