linux的免密登录（私钥加密）及xshell使用私钥登录

linux免密登录

生成加密秘钥

[root@server ~]# ssh-keygen  -t rsa  -C '123@163.com'
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):  （文件存放目录 默认就好）
/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): （输入新密码，如果此处不输入密码可实现免密登录）          
Enter same passphrase again:                         （再次输入确认）
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e1:69:3c:cd:e5:18:78:7f:83:eb:a7:4e:1f:66:bb:ed 123@163.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|         .       |
|        o o .    |
|       o * * .   |
|        S + + o  |
|       . .   o . |
|            o +  |
|           o +.+ |
|           .+o+oE|
+-----------------+

进入密钥文件

[root@server ~]# cd /root/.ssh/

查看authorized_keys文件权限

[root@server .ssh]# ll
total 12
-rw------- 1 root root  393 May 21 15:21 authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 root root 1766 May 21 15:22 id_rsa        （私钥）
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  393 May 21 15:22 id_rsa.pub  （公钥）
(如不是600权限则需更改文件权限为600)
chmod  600 authorized_keys
（如属主和属组不是root需改文件的属主和属组）
chown -R root:root .ssh

将公钥文件加入列表

[root@server .ssh]# cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

把A中生成的公钥文件传送至远程主机B

[root@server ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.200.104
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.200.104's password: (输入远程主机B的密码)

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '192.168.200.104'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

验证是否可以通过ssh私钥登录

[root@server .ssh]# ssh 192.168.200.104
Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa':           （因为之前生成秘钥的时候为私钥设置了密码，所以我们这里需要输入密码）
Last login: Tue May 21 15:26:07 2019 from 192.168.200.25

 #########################
 #  Welcome      to   Linux    ！ #
 #########################

[root@client ~]# 

使用xshell的私钥登录

首先将私钥文件传到本地


然后重新登录

使用私钥登录

导入私钥



输入私钥的密码

登录成功

大佬关于ssh-key的参数解读
ssh-key 参数解读

首次编写博客，如有不妥的地方欢迎指正~~