斯坦福-swift-第五课详细代码

各位好，第五课代码上新了
第五课：主要讲述string字符串和array数组的用法，也讲述了使用数组筛选器filter和字符串的index方法获取对应位置的字符
下面上详细代码

//
//  ViewController.swift
//  stanford_test_one
//
//  Created by 王@@ on 2021/1/26.
//

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController
{
    //第四课讲述成员变量使用权限
    private lazy var game = Concentration(numberOfPairsOfCards: numberOfPairsOfCards)
    //第四课使用get、set方法传值s
    var numberOfPairsOfCards:Int{
        return (cardButtons.count + 1)  / 2
    }
    private(set) var filpCount = 0
    {
        didSet{
            undateFilpCountLabl()
        }
    }
    private func undateFilpCountLabl(){
        //第五课讲述使用NSAttributedString设置富文本显示样式string为要显示的文本，attributes为显示样式
        let attributes : [NSAttributedString.Key : Any] = [
            .strokeWidth : 5.0,
            .strokeColor : #colorLiteral(red: 1, green: 0.5763723254, blue: 0, alpha: 1)
        ]
        let attributeString = NSAttributedString(string: "Flip: \(filpCount)", attributes: attributes)
        flipCountLable.attributedText = attributeString
        
    }
    @IBOutlet private weak var flipCountLable: UILabel!{
        didSet{
            undateFilpCountLabl()
        }
    }
    
    @IBOutlet private var cardButtons: [UIButton]!
    
    
    @IBAction private func touchCard(_ sender: UIButton) {
        filpCount += 1
        if let cardNumber = cardButtons.firstIndex(of: sender) {
            //print("cardNumber = \(cardNumber)")
            game.chooseCard(at: cardNumber)
            updateViewFromMoudel()
        }else{
            print("choose cardNumber")

        }
    }
    
    private func updateViewFromMoudel(){
        for index in cardButtons.indices{
            let button = cardButtons[index]
            let card = game.cards[index]
            if card.isFaceUP{
                button.setTitle(emoji(for: card), for: UIControl.State.normal)
                button.backgroundColor = #colorLiteral(red: 1, green: 1, blue: 1, alpha: 1)
            }else{
                button.setTitle("", for: UIControl.State.normal)
                button.backgroundColor = card.isMatched ?  #colorLiteral(red: 1, green: 0.5763723254, blue: 0, alpha: 0) : #colorLiteral(red: 1, green: 0.5763723254, blue: 0, alpha: 1)
            }
        }
    }
    //第五课讲述String使用方法
    //private var emojiChoise = ["👻","🦇","🙀","🎃","🍬", "🍭","🍎","😈","😱"]
    private var emojiChoise = "👻🦇🙀🎃🍬🍭🍎😈😱"

    //var emoji = Dictionary<Int,String>()
    //第五课
    private var emoji = [Card:String]()
    private func emoji(for card: Card)-> String{
//        if  emoji[card.identifier] != nil∫∫{
//            return emoji[card.identifier]!
//        }else{
//            return "?"
//        }
        //等价
        //第五课讲述，使用emojiChoise,String进行操作，randomStringIndex代表从第一个字符到字符串长度的，第一个字符startIndex，offsetBy偏移到一个数值位，
        //但不会超过这个数值，然后将此数值对应的字符返回给randomStringIndex，并在emojiChoise中移除randomStringIndex。
        if  emoji[card] == nil, emojiChoise.count > 0{
            let randomStringIndex = emojiChoise.index(emojiChoise.startIndex, offsetBy: emojiChoise.count.arc4random)
            emoji[card] = String(emojiChoise.remove(at: randomStringIndex))
        }
        return emoji[card] ?? "?"
    }
    
    
}
//第四课讲述使用拓展的方法
extension Int{
    var arc4random :Int{
        if self > 0{
            return Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(self)))

        }else if self < 0{
            return -Int(arc4random_uniform(UInt32(self)))

        }else{
            return 0
        }
    }
}

//
//  Concentration.swift
//  stanford_test_one
//
//  Created by 王@@ on 2021/1/27.
//

import Foundation
//第五节，主要讲述struct的用法
struct Concentration
{
    private(set) var cards = [Card]()
    private var indexOfOneAndOnlyFaceUpCard : Int?{
        //第四课使用get、set方法
        get{
            //第五课讲述数组筛选器filter的用法，在cards.indices筛选判断出唯一的正面朝上的卡牌，是的话初始化indexOfOneAndOnlyFaceUpCard 为1，不是的话初始化indexOfOneAndOnlyFaceUpCard 为nil
            //let faceUpCardIndices = cards.indices.filter{cards[$0].isFaceUP}
            return cards.indices.filter{cards[$0].isFaceUP}.oneAndOnly
            //return faceUpCardIndices.count == 1 ? faceUpCardIndices.first: nil
            
//            var foundIngex :Int?
//            for index in cards.indices{
//                if cards[index].isFaceUP{
//                    if foundIngex == nil{
//                        foundIngex = index
//                    }else{
//                        return nil
//                    }
//                }
//            }
//            return foundIngex
        }
        set{
            for index in cards.indices{
                cards[index].isFaceUP = (index == newValue)
            }
        }
    }
    
    //第五课讲述mutating 是为了能在func方法中修改，struct或者enum的变量
    mutating func chooseCard (at index: Int){
        //第四课讲述断言的使用方法
        assert(cards.indices.contains(index),"Concentration.chooseCard (at: \(index)) : choosen index not in the cards ")
        if !cards[index].isMatched{
            if let matchIndex = indexOfOneAndOnlyFaceUpCard,matchIndex != index{
            //这里不再使用cards[matchIndex].identifier  == cards[index].identifier 去匹配，因为，identifier 被设置成private数据不能直接访问
                if cards[matchIndex] == cards[index]{
                    cards[matchIndex].isMatched = true
                    cards[index].isMatched = true
                }
                cards[index].isFaceUP = true
                //indexOfOneAndOnlyFaceUpCard = nil
            }
            else{

//                for filpDownIndex in cards.indices{
//
//                    cards[filpDownIndex].isFaceUP = false
//                }
//                cards[index].isFaceUP = true
                indexOfOneAndOnlyFaceUpCard = index

            }
        }
        //翻牌测试
//        if cards[index].isFaceUP {
//            cards[index].isFaceUP = false
//        }else{
//            cards[index].isFaceUP = true
//        }
//
    }
    init(numberOfPairsOfCards:Int) {
        assert(numberOfPairsOfCards > 0,"Concentration.init (at: \(numberOfPairsOfCards)) : you must have an least one pairs of cards  ")
        for _ in 1...numberOfPairsOfCards{
            //card是个结构体
            let card = Card()
            //将结构体赋值，即复制给matchingCard
            //let matchingCard = card
//            cards.append(card)
//            cards.append(card)
            //或者
            cards += [card, card]
        }
    }
}
//第五课拓展Collection 协议的使用
extension Collection {
    var oneAndOnly : Element?{
        return count == 1 ? first: nil
    }
}

//
//  Card.swift
//  stanford_test_one
//
//  Created by 王@@ on 2021/1/27.
//

import Foundation
//第五课讲述使用Hashable协议,
struct Card : Hashable
{
    var hashValue: Int{return identifier}
    func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
    }
    static func ==(lhs: Card,rhs: Card)->Bool{
        return lhs.identifier == rhs.identifier
    }
    var isFaceUP = false
    var isMatched = false
    private var identifier :Int
    private static var indentifierFactory = 0
    private static func getUniqueIndentifier()-> Int{
        indentifierFactory += 1
        return indentifierFactory
    }
    
    init() {
        self.identifier = Card.getUniqueIndentifier()
    }
}