实现一个 Trie (前缀树),包含 insert
, search
, 和 startsWith
这三个操作。
示例:
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple"); // 返回 true
trie.search("app"); // 返回 false
trie.startsWith("app"); // 返回 true
trie.insert("app");
trie.search("app"); // 返回 true
说明:
你可以假设所有的输入都是由小写字母 a-z
构成的。
保证所有输入均为非空字符串。
思路与代码
前缀树核心在于构建TrieNode类
图来自LeetCode:
class Trie {
class TrieNode {
private TrieNode[] links;
private final int R = 26;
private boolean isEnd;
public TrieNode() {
links = new TrieNode[R];
}
public boolean containsKey(char ch) {
return links[ch - 'a'] != null;
}
public TrieNode get(char ch) {
return links[ch - 'a'];
}
public void put(char ch, TrieNode node) {
links[ch - 'a'] = node;
}
public void setEnd() {
isEnd = true;
}
public boolean isEnd() {
return isEnd;
}
}
private TrieNode root;
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public Trie() {
root = new TrieNode();
}
/** Inserts a word into the trie. */
public void insert(String word) {
TrieNode node = root;
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
char ch = word.charAt(i);
if (!node.containsKey(ch)) {
node.put(ch, new TrieNode());
}
node = node.get(ch);
}
node.setEnd();
}
/** Returns if the word is in the trie. */
public boolean search(String word) {
TrieNode node = root;
for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
char ch = word.charAt(i);
if (!node.containsKey(ch)) return false;
node = node.get(ch);
}
return node.isEnd();
}
/** Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix. */
public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
TrieNode node = root;
for (int i = 0; i < prefix.length(); i++) {
char ch = prefix.charAt(i);
if (!node.containsKey(ch)) return false;
node = node.get(ch);
}
return true;
}
}