OpenCV for Python之图像的开闭操作、顶帽黑帽、形态学梯度

Opencv4 官方文档 : https://docs.opencv.org/4.2.0/
Opencv4 for Python中文文档点击下载:OpenCV4 for Python 中文文档

1 开闭操作

1. 开运算:先腐蚀再膨胀.就叫做开运算,它被用来去除噪声。
   闭运算:先膨胀再腐蚀。它经常被用来填充前景物体中的小洞，或者前景物体上的小黑点。
2. api:

cv.morphologyEx(src, op, kernel, dst=None, anchor=None, iterations=None, borderType=None, borderValue=None)

开操作：
demo1：

def open_demo(image):
    print(image.shape)
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)
    cv.imshow("binary", binary)
    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (5, 5))
    dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_OPEN, kernel=kernel)
    cv.imshow("open_demo", dst)

result1:

demo2:

def open_line(image):
    print(image.shape)
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv.THRESH_OTSU)
    cv.imshow("binary", binary)
    # kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 1))#去掉竖线
    # kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 1))#去掉水平线
    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))#去掉背景干扰线
    dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_OPEN, kernel=kernel)
    cv.imshow("open_line", dst)

result2:

闭操作：
demo:

def open_line(image):
    print(image.shape)
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV | cv.THRESH_OTSU)
    cv.imshow("binary", binary)
    # kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 1))#去掉竖线
    # kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (15, 1))#去掉水平线
    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))#去掉背景干扰线
    dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_OPEN, kernel=kernel)
    cv.imshow("open_line", dst)

result:

2 顶帽 黑帽

黑帽:

demo:

def black_hat_demo(image):
    gray=cv.cvtColor(image,cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    #构建形态学元素 提高内核矩阵(10,10)可以提取更多元素
    kernel=cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT,(10,10))
    #黑帽处理
    dst=cv.morphologyEx(gray,cv.MORPH_BLACKHAT,kernel)

    #如果图像较黑可以用图像增强看看效果
    cimage=np.array(gray.shape,np.uint8)
    cimage=50
    dst=cv.add(dst,cimage)

    cv.imshow('black_hat',dst)

result:

顶帽:
demo:

def top_hat_demo(image):
    gray=cv.cvtColor(image,cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    #构建形态学元素 提高内核矩阵(10,10)可以提取更多元素
    kernel=cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT,(10,10))
    #黑帽处理
    dst=cv.morphologyEx(gray,cv.MORPH_TOPHAT,kernel)
    #如果图像较黑可以用图像增强看看效果
    cimage=np.array(gray.shape,np.uint8)
    cimage=50
    dst=cv.add(dst,cimage)
    cv.imshow('top_hat',dst)

result:

3 形态学梯度

就是膨胀图像减去腐蚀图像的结果，,得到图像的轮廓。分为基本梯度，内、外梯度
demo1:基本梯度

def gradient_demo(image):  #基本梯度
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_OTSU)
    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
    dst = cv.morphologyEx(binary, cv.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)
    cv.imshow("gradient", dst)

result:

demo2:内外梯度

def gradient2_demo(image):
    kernel = cv.getStructuringElement(cv.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
    dm = cv.dilate(image, kernel)
    em = cv.erode(image, kernel)
    dst1 = cv.subtract(image, em) # internal gradient
    dst2 = cv.subtract(dm, image) # external gradient
    cv.imshow("internal", dst1)
    cv.imshow("external", dst2)

result:

转载请注明转自:https://leejason.blog.csdn.net/article/details/106443742