Spring——JdbcTemplate

JdbcTemplate

1、JdbcTemplate(概念和准备)

1.1、什么是 JdbcTemplate?

Spring 框架对 JDBC 进行封装,使用 JdbcTemplate 方便实现对数据库操作。

1.2、准备工作

(1)引入相关 jar 包

在这里插入图片描述

(2)在 spring 配置文件配置数据库连接池

<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://10.150.104.5:3306/user_db" />
    <property name="username" value="root" />
    <property name="password" value="Opfordream@0518" />
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
</bean>

(3)配置 JdbcTemplate 对象,注入 DataSource

<!--创建JdbcTemplate对象-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
    <!--注入dataSource-->
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>

(4)创建 service 类,创建 dao 类,在 dao 注入 jdbcTemplate 对象

配置文件:

<!--开启组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="spring5"></context:component-scan>

Service:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import spring5.dao.BookDao;

@Service
public class BookService {
    //注入Dao
    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;
}

Dao:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl {
    //注入JdbcTemplate
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
}

2、JdbcTemplate 操作数据库(添加)

mysql> desc t_book;
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| user_id  | int(20)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| username | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| ustatus  | varchar(50)  | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(1)对应数据库创建实体类

public class Book {
    private String userid;
    private String username;
    private String ustatus;

    public void setUserid(String userid) {
        this.userid = userid;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setUstatus(String ustatus) {
        this.ustatus = ustatus;
    }
}

(2)编写 service 和 dao

  1. 在 dao 进行数据库添加操作
  2. 调用 JdbcTemplate 对象里面 update 方法实现添加操作,有两个参数:
    • 第一个参数: sql 语句
    • 第二个参数:可变参数,设置 sql 语句值
@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao{
    //注入JdbcTemplate
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    //添加的方法
    @Override
    public void add(Book book) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "insert into t_book values(?,?,?)";
        //2 调用方法实现
        Object[] args = {book.getUserid(), book.getUsername(), book.getUstatus()};
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, args);
        System.out.println(update);
    }
}

(3)测试代码

public class TestTemplate {
    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        Book book = new Book();
        book.setUserid("1");
        book.setUsername("java");
        book.setUstatus("a");

        bookService.addBook(book);
    }
}
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+----------+---------+
| user_id | username | ustatus |
+---------+----------+---------+
|       1 | java     | a       |
+---------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3、JdbcTemplate 操作数据库(修改和删除)

@Override
public void updateBook(Book book) {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "update t_book set username=?, ustatus=? where user_id=?";
    //2 调用方法实现
    Object[] args = {book.getUsername(), book.getUstatus(), book.getUserid()};
    int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, args);
    System.out.println(update);
}

@Override
public void deleteBook(String id) {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "delete from t_book where user_id=?";
    //2 调用方法实现
    int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
    System.out.println(update);
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testUpdate() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    Book book = new Book();
    book.setUserid("1");
    book.setUsername("javaupup");
    book.setUstatus("at");

    bookService.updateBook(book);
}
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+----------+---------+
| user_id | username | ustatus |
+---------+----------+---------+
|       1 | javaupup | at      |
+---------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
@Test
public void testDelete() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    String id = "1";

    bookService.deleteBook(id);
}
mysql> select * from t_book;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

4、JdbcTemplate 操作数据库(查询返回某个值)

(1)查询表里面有多少条记录,返回是某个值

mysql> select count(*) from t_book;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

(2)使用 JdbcTemplate 实现查询返回某个值代码

使用 queryForObject 方法,有两个参数:

  • 第一个参数: sql 语句
  • 第二个参数:返回类型 Class
@Override
public int selectCount() {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "select count(*) from t_book;";
    //2 调用方法实现
    Integer count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class);
    return count;
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testCount() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    int count = bookService.findCount();
    System.out.println(count);	//0
}

5、JdbcTemplate 操作数据库(查询返回对象)

(1)场景:查询图书详情

(2)JdbcTemplate 实现查询返回对象:使用 queryForObject,有三个参数

  • 第一个参数: sql 语句
  • 第二个参数: RowMapper 是接口,针对返回不同类型数据,使用这个接口里面实现类完成数据封装
  • 第三个参数: sql 语句值
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+----------+---------+
| user_id | username | ustatus |
+---------+----------+---------+
|       1 | javaupup | a       |
+---------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
@Override
public Book findBookInfo(String id) {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "select * from t_book where user_id=?;";
    //2 调用方法实现
    Book book = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class), id);
    return book;
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testOne() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    Book book = bookService.findOne("1");
    System.out.println(book);	//Book{userid='null', username='javaupup', ustatus='a'}
}

6、JdbcTemplate 操作数据库(查询返回集合)

(1)场景:查询图书列表分页…

(2)调用 JdbcTemplate 方法实现查询返回集合,使用 query,有三个参数

  • 第一个参数: sql 语句
  • 第二个参数: RowMapper 是接口,针对返回不同类型数据,使用这个接口里面实现类完成数据封装
  • 第三个参数: sql 语句值
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+----------+---------+
| user_id | username | ustatus |
+---------+----------+---------+
|       1 | javaupup | a       |
|       2 | mysql    | b       |
+---------+----------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
@Override
public List<Book> findAllBook() {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "select * from t_book";
    //2 调用方法实现
    List<Book> bookList = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class));
    return bookList;
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testAll() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    List<Book> bookList = bookService.findAll();
    System.out.println(bookList);	
    //[Book{userid='null', username='javaupup', ustatus='a'}, Book{userid='null',username='mysql', ustatus='b'}]
}

7、JdbcTemplate 操作数据库(批量操作)

(1)批量操作:操作表里面多条记录

(2)JdbcTemplate 实现批量添加操作,使用 batchUpdate 方法,有两个参数:

  • 第一个参数: sql 语句
  • 第二个参数: List 集合,添加多条记录数据

不管是批量添加、修改还是删除,都使用这个方法。

7.1、JdbcTemplate 实现批量添加操作

service 类中:

public void batchAdd(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
	return bookDao.batchAddBook(batchArgs);
}

Dao 类中:

@Override
public void batchAddBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "insert into t_book values(?,?,?)";
    //2 调用方法实现
    int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testAddAll() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
    Object[] o1 = {"3", "javaweb", "c"};
    Object[] o2 = {"4", "spring", "d"};
    Object[] o3 = {"5", "redis", "e"};
    batchArgs.add(o1);
    batchArgs.add(o2);
    batchArgs.add(o3);
    bookService.batchAdd(batchArgs);
    // [1, 1, 1]
}
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+----------+---------+
| user_id | username | ustatus |
+---------+----------+---------+
|       1 | javaupup | a       |
|       2 | mysql    | b       |
|       3 | javaweb  | c       |
|       4 | spring   | d       |
|       5 | redis    | e       |
+---------+----------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.2、JdbcTemplate 实现批量修改操作

@Override
public void batchUpdateBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "update t_book set username=?, ustatus=? where user_id=?";
    //2 调用方法实现
    int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
    System.out.println(ints);
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testUpdateAll() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
    Object[] o1 = {"javawebLi", "c3", "3"};
    Object[] o2 = {"springLi", "d4", "4"};
    Object[] o3 = {"redisLi", "e5", "5"};
    batchArgs.add(o1);
    batchArgs.add(o2);
    batchArgs.add(o3);
    bookService.batchUpdate(batchArgs);
}
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+-----------+---------+
| user_id | username  | ustatus |
+---------+-----------+---------+
|       1 | javaupup  | a       |
|       2 | mysql     | b       |
|       3 | javawebLi | c3      |
|       4 | springLi  | d4      |
|       5 | redisLi   | e5      |
+---------+-----------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.3、JdbcTemplate 实现批量删除操作

@Override
public void batchDeleteBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
    //1 创建sql语句
    String sql = "delete from t_book where user_id=?";
    //2 调用方法实现
    int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
    System.out.println(ints);
}

测试代码:

@Test
public void testDeleteAll() {
    ApplicationContext context =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
    BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

    List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
    Object[] o1 = {"3"};
    Object[] o2 = {"4"};
    batchArgs.add(o1);
    batchArgs.add(o2);

    bookService.batchDelete(batchArgs);
}
mysql> select * from t_book;
+---------+----------+---------+
| user_id | username | ustatus |
+---------+----------+---------+
|       1 | javaupup | a       |
|       2 | mysql    | b       |
|       5 | redisLi  | e5      |
+---------+----------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

附:所有类的代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--开启组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="spring5"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://10.150.104.5:3306/user_db" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="Opfordream@0518" />
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    </bean>

    <!--创建JdbcTemplate对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <!--注入dataSource-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>
package spring5.entity;

public class Book {
    private String userid;
    private String username;
    private String ustatus;

    public void setUserid(String userid) {
        this.userid = userid;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setUstatus(String ustatus) {
        this.ustatus = ustatus;
    }

    public String getUserid() {
        return userid;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public String getUstatus() {
        return ustatus;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "userid='" + userid + '\'' +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", ustatus='" + ustatus + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
package spring5.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import spring5.dao.BookDao;
import spring5.entity.Book;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class BookService {
    //注入Dao
    @Autowired
    private BookDao bookDao;

    //添加的方法
    public void addBook(Book book) {
        bookDao.add(book);
    }

    //修改的方法
    public void updateBook(Book book) {
        bookDao.updateBook(book);
    }

    //删除的方法
    public void deleteBook(String id) {
        bookDao.deleteBook(id);
    }

    //查询表记录的方法
    public int findCount() {
        return bookDao.selectCount();
    }

    //查询表记录数
    public Book findOne(String id) {
        return bookDao.findBookInfo(id);
    }

    //查询返回集合
    public List<Book> findAll() {
        return bookDao.findAllBook();
    }

    //批量添加
    public void batchAdd(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
        bookDao.batchAddBook(batchArgs);
    }

    //批量修改
    public void batchUpdate(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
        bookDao.batchUpdateBook(batchArgs);
    }

    //批量删除
    public void batchDelete(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
        bookDao.batchDeleteBook(batchArgs);
    }
}
package spring5.dao;

import spring5.entity.Book;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookDao {
    //添加的方法
    void add(Book book);

    void updateBook(Book book);

    void deleteBook(String id);

    int selectCount();

    Book findBookInfo(String id);

    List<Book> findAllBook();

    void batchAddBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs);

    void batchUpdateBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs);

    void batchDeleteBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs);
}
package spring5.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import spring5.entity.Book;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao{
    //注入JdbcTemplate
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    //添加的方法
    @Override
    public void add(Book book) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "insert into t_book values(?,?,?)";
        //2 调用方法实现
        Object[] args = {book.getUserid(), book.getUsername(), book.getUstatus()};
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, args);
        System.out.println(update);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateBook(Book book) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "update t_book set username=?, ustatus=? where user_id=?";
        //2 调用方法实现
        Object[] args = {book.getUsername(), book.getUstatus(), book.getUserid()};
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, args);
        System.out.println(update);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteBook(String id) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "delete from t_book where user_id=?";
        //2 调用方法实现
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id);
        System.out.println(update);
    }

    @Override
    public int selectCount() {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "select count(*) from t_book;";
        //2 调用方法实现
        Integer count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class);
        return count;
    }

    @Override
    public Book findBookInfo(String id) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "select * from t_book where user_id=?";
        //2 调用方法实现
        Book book = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class), id);
        return book;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Book> findAllBook() {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "select * from t_book";
        //2 调用方法实现
        List<Book> bookList = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class));
        return bookList;
    }

    @Override
    public void batchAddBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "insert into t_book values(?,?,?)";
        //2 调用方法实现
        int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ints));
    }

    @Override
    public void batchUpdateBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "update t_book set username=?, ustatus=? where user_id=?";
        //2 调用方法实现
        int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
        System.out.println(ints);
    }

    @Override
    public void batchDeleteBook(List<Object[]> batchArgs) {
        //1 创建sql语句
        String sql = "delete from t_book where user_id=?";
        //2 调用方法实现
        int[] ints = jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs);
        System.out.println(ints);
    }
}
package spring5.Test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import spring5.entity.Book;
import spring5.service.BookService;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class TestTemplate {
    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        Book book = new Book();
        book.setUserid("1");
        book.setUsername("java");
        book.setUstatus("a");

        bookService.addBook(book);
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdate() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        Book book = new Book();
        book.setUserid("1");
        book.setUsername("javaupup");
        book.setUstatus("at");

        bookService.updateBook(book);
    }

    @Test
    public void testDelete() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        String id = "1";

        bookService.deleteBook(id);
    }

    @Test
    public void testCount() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        int count = bookService.findCount();
        System.out.println(count);
    }

    @Test
    public void testOne() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        Book book = bookService.findOne("1");
        System.out.println(book);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAll() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        List<Book> bookList = bookService.findAll();
        System.out.println(bookList);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAddAll() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
        Object[] o1 = {"3", "javaweb", "c"};
        Object[] o2 = {"4", "spring", "d"};
        Object[] o3 = {"5", "redis", "e"};
        batchArgs.add(o1);
        batchArgs.add(o2);
        batchArgs.add(o3);
        bookService.batchAdd(batchArgs);
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdateAll() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
        Object[] o1 = {"javawebLi", "c3", "3"};
        Object[] o2 = {"springLi", "d4", "4"};
        Object[] o3 = {"redisLi", "e5", "5"};
        batchArgs.add(o1);
        batchArgs.add(o2);
        batchArgs.add(o3);
        bookService.batchUpdate(batchArgs);
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeleteAll() {
        ApplicationContext context =
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
        BookService bookService = context.getBean("bookService", BookService.class);

        List<Object[]> batchArgs = new ArrayList<>();
        Object[] o1 = {"3"};
        Object[] o2 = {"4"};
        batchArgs.add(o1);
        batchArgs.add(o2);

        bookService.batchDelete(batchArgs);
    }
}
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