Linux&Ubuntu常用命令集合or问题集合

apt下载的文件

如何寻找？

通过指令
dpkg -L xxx.deb
注意，xxx是deb包的名称，也可以用新立得来查看。
dpkg -L firefox 可查看Firefox的安装情况；dpkg -L eclipse 可查看Eclipse的安装位置。

如果知道使用apt-get install命令安装的软件，可直接用命令 dpkg -S softwarename

出现Hash校验和不符

解决方案

1、清除临时文件
sudo apt-get clean
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
然后再一次执行 update or upgrade命令
2、选择更好的软件源
见下文

修改软件源

步骤1：root身份

su
输入密码
cd /etc/apt
cp sources.list sources.list.bak #备份旧源
sudo gedit sources.list

步骤2：更新源文件

将以下内容复制到文件最后一行

163源如下：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华大学源如下：
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

阿里云源：（推荐）
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

保存并退出

步骤3：重新执行指令

apt-get update