地下水水文学--4
2022.04.02
1. Groundwater flow to wells(井流)
1.1 Steady-flow: Thesis equation
landfill填埋场
Terminology related well pumping
- h 0 h_0 h0, static water level
- s ( t ) s(t) s(t), drawdown, 降深
- s p e c i f i c c a p a c i t y , S c specific capacity, S_c specificcapacity,Sc,
fully penetrating well
完整井,贯通整个含水层的井,非完整井,反之
1.1.1 steady radial flow in confined aquifer due to pumping–Thesis equation
M
,
K
,
r
w
,
h
0
,
Q
,
s
(
r
)
,
h
(
r
)
M,K,r_w, h_0, Q, s(r), h(r)
M,K,rw,h0,Q,s(r),h(r)
2-D, homogenous, isotropic, steady-state, uniform
Firstly, for confined aquifer
K
M
∂
2
h
∂
x
2
+
K
M
∂
2
h
∂
y
2
=
0
KM \frac{\partial^2 h }{\partial x^2}+KM \frac{\partial^2 h }{\partial y^2}=0
KM∂x2∂2h+KM∂y2∂2h=0
for well flow
K M ∂ 2 h ∂ x 2 + K M ∂ 2 h ∂ y 2 + W ( x , y ) = 0 KM \frac{\partial^2 h }{\partial x^2}+KM \frac{\partial^2 h }{\partial y^2}+W(x,y)=0\\ KM∂x2∂2h+KM∂y2∂2h+W(x,y)=0
柱坐标
x = r c o s ( θ ) , y = r s i n ( θ ) , x 2 + y 2 = r 2 x=rcos(\theta),y=rsin(\theta),x^2+y^2=r^2 x=rcos(θ),y=rsin(θ),x2+y2=r2
将直角坐标转换为柱坐标,带入方程,则G.E.
K
M
1
r
d
d
r
(
r
d
h
d
r
)
=
0
,
井
流
的
基
本
方
程
KM\frac{1}{r}\frac{d}{dr}(r\frac{dh}{dr})=0,\,井流的基本方程
KMr1drd(rdrdh)=0,井流的基本方程
boundary condition
h
=
h
0
,
r
=
R
Q
=
K
2
π
r
M
∂
h
∂
r
,
r
=
r
w
,
流
量
边
界
,
流
入
井
的
流
量
,
侧
面
流
进
去
,
最
大
高
度
只
能
是
M
h=h_0,r=R\\ Q=K2\pi rM\frac{\partial h}{\partial r},r=r_w, \\流量边界,流入井的流量,侧面流进去,最大高度只能是M
h=h0,r=RQ=K2πrM∂r∂h,r=rw,流量边界,流入井的流量,侧面流进去,最大高度只能是M
在任意位置
Q
=
K
2
π
r
M
∂
h
∂
r
,
r
=
r
1
Q=K2\pi rM\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}, r=r_1
Q=K2πrM∂r∂h,r=r1
Q(r1)与抽水量Q的关系,
Q
(
r
1
)
=
Q
Q(r_1)=Q
Q(r1)=Q
Q
=
K
2
π
r
M
∂
h
∂
r
∫
Q
/
r
d
r
=
∫
K
M
2
π
d
h
h
=
Q
2
π
T
l
n
(
r
)
+
C
h
0
=
Q
2
π
T
l
n
(
R
)
+
C
Q=K2\pi rM\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}\\ \int{Q/r}dr=\int{KM2\pi dh}\\ h=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(r)+C\\ h_0=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(R)+C
Q=K2πrM∂r∂h∫Q/rdr=∫KM2πdhh=2πTQln(r)+Ch0=2πTQln(R)+C
得
s
=
h
0
−
h
=
Q
2
π
T
l
n
(
R
r
)
s=h_0-h=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(\frac{R}{r})
s=h0−h=2πTQln(rR)
写成log
s
=
h
0
−
h
=
Q
2.73
T
l
g
(
R
r
)
,
降
深
公
式
T
h
e
i
m
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
c
o
n
f
i
n
e
d
a
q
u
i
f
e
r
d
u
e
t
o
w
e
l
l
s=h_0-h=\frac{Q}{2.73 T}lg(\frac{R}{r}),\,降深公式\\ Theim equation for confined aquifer due to well
s=h0−h=2.73TQlg(rR),降深公式Theimequationforconfinedaquiferduetowell
则两个观测井,可以观测到两个及两个降深
s
1
,
s
2
s_1,s_2
s1,s2
s
1
−
s
2
=
Q
2
π
T
l
n
(
r
2
r
1
)
s_1-s_2=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(\frac{r_2}{r_1})
s1−s2=2πTQln(r1r2)
基于以上公式,可以进行参数估计,求得导水系数 T T T, 抽水试验确定导水系数。只能确定渗透系数或导水系数。
1.1.2 steady radial flow in unconfined aquifer due to pumping
和承压不一样在于有自由水面
2-D, isotropic, with Dupuit assumption
K
,
r
w
,
h
0
,
Q
,
s
(
r
)
,
h
(
r
)
K,r_w, h_0, Q, s(r), h(r)
K,rw,h0,Q,s(r),h(r)
G.E.
K
1
r
d
(
h
d
h
d
r
)
d
r
=
0
h
在
里
面
非
线
性
K\frac{1}{r}\frac{d(h\frac{dh}{dr})}{dr}=0\\h在里面非线性
Kr1drd(hdrdh)=0h在里面非线性
Boundary conditon
Q
=
K
A
i
=
K
2
π
r
h
d
h
d
r
Q=KAi=K2\pi r h\frac{dh}{dr}
Q=KAi=K2πrhdrdh
推导
∫
h
d
h
=
∫
Q
2
π
K
r
d
r
\int{h}dh=\int{\frac{Q}{2\pi Kr}}dr
∫hdh=∫2πKrQdr
最终得;
h
0
2
−
h
2
=
Q
π
K
l
n
(
R
r
)
,
D
u
p
u
i
t
w
e
l
l
f
l
o
w
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
h_0^2-h^2=\frac{Q}{\pi K}ln(\frac{R}{r}), \\ Dupuit \,well\,flow\, equation
h02−h2=πKQln(rR),Dupuitwellflowequation
变形:
(
h
0
−
h
)
(
h
0
+
h
)
=
Q
π
K
l
n
(
R
r
)
∣
s
(
2
h
0
−
s
)
=
Q
π
K
l
n
(
R
r
)
=
Q
1
,
36
K
l
g
(
R
r
)
(h_0-h)(h_0+h)=\frac{Q}{\pi K}ln(\frac{R}{r})\\ |\\ s(2h_0-s)=\frac{Q}{\pi K}ln(\frac{R}{r})=\frac{Q}{1,36K}lg(\frac{R}{r})
(h0−h)(h0+h)=πKQln(rR)∣s(2h0−s)=πKQln(rR)=1,36KQlg(rR)
参数估计:已知降深,可以求
K
K
K
以上均为理想状态。we need transient
1.2 Transient flow to well–unsteady-state(confined aquifer–Theis solution)
求解方程,考虑水位随时间变化
homo, isotropic, confined aquifer,
h
(
r
,
t
)
h(r,t)
h(r,t)
T
1
r
(
r
∂
h
∂
r
)
=
S
∂
h
∂
t
T \frac{1}{r}(r\frac{\partial h}{\partial r})=S\frac{\partial h}{\partial t}
Tr1(r∂r∂h)=S∂t∂h
展开为:
∂
2
h
∂
r
2
+
1
r
∂
h
∂
r
=
S
T
∂
h
∂
r
\frac{\partial^2 h}{\partial r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}=\frac{S}{T}\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}
∂r2∂2h+r1∂r∂h=TS∂r∂h
写成降深得形式,带入
s
=
h
0
−
h
s=h_0-h
s=h0−h
∂
2
s
∂
r
2
+
1
r
∂
s
∂
r
=
S
T
∂
s
∂
r
s
(
r
,
t
)
=
0
,
t
=
0
s
(
r
,
t
)
=
0
,
r
−
>
+
∞
lim
r
−
>
0
r
∂
s
∂
r
=
−
Q
2
π
T
,
r
=
0
\frac{\partial^2 s}{\partial r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}=\frac{S}{T}\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}\\ s(r,t)=0,t=0\\ s(r,t)=0,r->+\infty\\ \lim_{r->0}r\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}=\frac{-Q}{2\pi T},r=0
∂r2∂2s+r1∂r∂s=TS∂r∂ss(r,t)=0,t=0s(r,t)=0,r−>+∞r−>0limr∂r∂s=2πT−Q,r=0
Q
=
−
2
π
T
r
∂
s
∂
r
Q=-2\pi T r\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}
Q=−2πTr∂r∂s
井处的流量最大,离井越远,流量越小
Q
i
<
Q
Q_i<Q
Qi<Q
Solution
s
(
r
,
t
)
=
Q
4
π
T
W
(
u
)
,
T
h
e
i
s
e
q
u
a
i
t
o
n
s(r,t)=\frac{Q}{4\pi T}W(u), Theis equaiton
s(r,t)=4πTQW(u),Theisequaiton
W
(
u
)
=
∫
u
∞
e
−
x
x
d
x
u
=
r
2
s
4
T
t
W(u)=\int_{u}^{\infty}\frac{e^{-x}}{x}dx\\ u=\frac{r^2s}{4Tt}
W(u)=∫u∞xe−xdxu=4Ttr2s
W(u)为泰斯井函数
部分内容转载自南方科技大学梁修雨教授地下水水文学讲课PPT