地下水水文学--4

2022.04.02

1. Groundwater flow to wells(井流)

1.1 Steady-flow: Thesis equation

landfill填埋场
Terminology related well pumping

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1. $h_0$, static water level
2. $s(t)$, drawdown, 降深
3. $specificcapacity,S_c$,

fully penetrating well
完整井，贯通整个含水层的井，非完整井，反之

1.1.1 steady radial flow in confined aquifer due to pumping–Thesis equation

$M,K,r_w,h_0,Q,s(r),h(r)$
2-D, homogenous, isotropic, steady-state, uniform

Firstly, for confined aquifer
$$KM\frac{{\partial }^{2}h}{\partial x^2}+KM\frac{{\partial }^{2}h}{\partial y^2}=0$$

for well flow

$$KM\frac{{\partial }^{2}h}{\partial x^2}+KM\frac{{\partial }^{2}h}{\partial y^2}+W(x,y)=0$$

柱坐标

$$x=rcos(\theta ),y=rsin(\theta ),x^2+y^2=r^2$$

将直角坐标转换为柱坐标，带入方程，则G.E.
$$KM\frac{1}{r}\frac{d}{dr}(r\frac{dh}{dr})=0,井流的基本方程$$

boundary condition

$$\begin{gathered} h=h_0,r=R \\ Q=K2\pi rM\frac{\partial h}{\partial r},r=r_w, \\ 流量边界,流入井的流量，侧面流进去，最大高度只能是M \end{gathered}$$
在任意位置
$$Q=K2\pi rM\frac{\partial h}{\partial r},r=r_1$$
Q(r1)与抽水量Q的关系，$Q(r_1)=Q$

$$\begin{gathered} Q=K2\pi rM\frac{\partial h}{\partial r} \\ \int Q/rdr=\int KM2\pi dh \\ h=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(r)+C \\ {h}_0=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(R)+C \end{gathered}$$
得
$$s=h_0-h=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(\frac{R}{r})$$
写成log
$$\begin{gathered} s=h_0-h=\frac{Q}{2.73T}lg(\frac{R}{r}),降深公式 \\ Theimequationforconfinedaquiferduetowell \end{gathered}$$

则两个观测井，可以观测到两个及两个降深$s_1,s_2$
$$s_1-s_2=\frac{Q}{2\pi T}ln(\frac{r_2}{r_1})$$

基于以上公式，可以进行参数估计，求得导水系数$T$, 抽水试验确定导水系数。只能确定渗透系数或导水系数。

1.1.2 steady radial flow in unconfined aquifer due to pumping

和承压不一样在于有自由水面

2-D, isotropic, with Dupuit assumption
$K,r_w,h_0,Q,s(r),h(r)$
G.E.
$$\begin{gathered} K\frac{1}{r}\frac{d(h\frac{dh}{dr})}{dr}=0 \\ h在里面非线性 \end{gathered}$$

Boundary conditon
$$Q=KAi=K2\pi rh\frac{dh}{dr}$$
推导
$$\int hdh=\int \frac{Q}{2\pi Kr}dr$$
最终得；
$$\begin{gathered} h_0^2-h^2=\frac{Q}{\pi K}ln(\frac{R}{r}), \\ Dupuitwellflowequation \end{gathered}$$
变形：

$$\begin{gathered} (h_0-h)(h_0+h)=\frac{Q}{\pi K}ln(\frac{R}{r}) \\ | \\ s(2h_0-s)=\frac{Q}{\pi K}ln(\frac{R}{r})=\frac{Q}{1,36K}lg(\frac{R}{r}) \end{gathered}$$
参数估计：已知降深，可以求$K$

以上均为理想状态。we need transient

1.2 Transient flow to well–unsteady-state(confined aquifer–Theis solution)

求解方程，考虑水位随时间变化
homo, isotropic, confined aquifer, $h(r,t)$

$$T\frac{1}{r}(r\frac{\partial h}{\partial r})=S\frac{\partial h}{\partial t}$$
展开为：
$$\frac{{\partial }^{2}h}{\partial r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}=\frac{S}{T}\frac{\partial h}{\partial r}$$
写成降深得形式，带入$s=h_0-h$
$$\begin{gathered} \frac{{\partial }^{2}s}{\partial r^2}+\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}=\frac{S}{T}\frac{\partial s}{\partial r} \\ s(r,t)=0,t=0 \\ s(r,t)=0,r->+\infty \\ \underset{r->0}{\lim }r\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}=\frac{-Q}{2\pi T},r=0 \end{gathered}$$

$$Q=-2\pi Tr\frac{\partial s}{\partial r}$$
井处的流量最大，离井越远，流量越小
$$Q_i<Q$$

Solution
$$s(r,t)=\frac{Q}{4\pi T}W(u),Theisequaiton$$

$$\begin{gathered} W(u)={\int }_u^{\infty }\frac{e^{-x}}{x}dx \\ u=\frac{r^{2}s}{4Tt} \end{gathered}$$
W(u)为泰斯井函数

部分内容转载自南方科技大学梁修雨教授地下水水文学讲课PPT