SpringMVC的原理

SpringMVC的MVC即模型-视图-控制器，该框架围绕一个DispatcherServlet设计，DispatcherServlet会把请求分发给各个处理器进行处理。SpringMVC的工作流程如下图所示。

1. 浏览器发起HTTP请求，发送给DS；
2. DS寻找映射处理器HandlerMapping，这个对象是个Mapping对象，保存了URL->方法的映射关系，通过HandlerMapping找到对应的Controller；
3. 调用Controller；
4. Controller调用Service；
5. Controller返回ModelAndView，ModelAndView包含了数据Model和视图名称；
6. 通过试图处理器ViewResolver找到对应的视图View，并将数据Model交给视图View渲染；
7. 返回HTTP响应。

精简后的源码如下：

	@Override
	protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		doDispatch(request, response); // 在doservice方法中调用doDispath方法
	}

	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

		// 根据当前请求在HandlerMapping中找到Controller，HandlerMapping是个接口，一般在其实现类RequestMappingHandlerMapping中调用方法，返回的controller被包装在HandlerExecutionChain类中，HandlerExecutionChain中主要包含Controller和Interceptor拦截器
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
		// 如果没找到，返回404
		if (mappedHandler == null) {
			noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
			return;
		}
		// 根据当前controller找到HandlerAdapter，一般是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
		HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
		// 执行前置拦截器
		if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
			return;
		}
		// 调用handle方法返回ModelAndView  
		ModelAndView  mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
		// 调用后置拦截器
		mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
		processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv);
		
	}

	private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
			@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
		// 通过ViewResolver返回View
		if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
			render(mv, request, response);
		}
	}

	protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		// Determine locale for request and apply it to the response.
		Locale locale =
				(this.localeResolver != null ? this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request) : request.getLocale());
		response.setLocale(locale);

		View view;
		String viewName = mv.getViewName();
		if (viewName != null) {
			// 通过viewName解析出View
			view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);

		}
		// 视图渲染
		view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
	}