深度学习：tensorflow入门：卷积神经网络实现MNIST手写字体识别

代码中MNIST_data/为真实MNIST数据集的路径

import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

# 定义一个初始化权重的函数
def weight_variables(shape):
    w = tf.Variable(tf.random_normal(shape=shape, mean=0.0, stddev=1.0))
    return w

# 定义一个初始化偏置的函数
def bias_variables(shape):
    b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.0, shape=shape))
    return b


def model():
    """
    自定义的卷积模型
    :return:
    """
    # 1、建立数据的占位符  x [None, 784] y_ture[None, 10]
    with tf.variable_scope("data"):
        x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])

        y_true = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, 10])

    # 2、一卷积层  卷积：5*5*1,32个，strides=1 激活:tf.nn.relu 池化
    with tf.variable_scope("conv1"):
        # 随机初始化权重，偏置[32]
        w_conv1 = weight_variables([5, 5, 1, 32])

        b_conv1 = bias_variables([32])

        # 对x进行形状的改变 [None, 784] [None, 28, 28, 1]
        x_reshape = tf.reshape(x, [-1, 28, 28, 1])

        # [None, 28, 28, 1]-------->[None, 28, 28, 32]
        x_relu1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.conv2d(x_reshape, w_conv1, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding="SAME") + b_conv1)

        # 池化 2*2, strides2 [None, 28, 28, 32]---->[None, 14, 14, 32]
        x_pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(x_relu1, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding="SAME")


    # 3、二卷积层: 卷积：5*5*32, 65个，strides=1 激活:tf.nn.relu 池化
    with tf.variable_scope("conv2"):
        # 随机初始化权重， 权重：[5, 5, 32, 64] 偏置[64]
        w_cov2 = weight_variables([5, 5, 32, 64])

        b_conv2 = bias_variables([64])

        # 卷积，激活，池化计算
        # [None, 14, 14, 32]------>[None, 14, 14, 64]
        x_relu2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.conv2d(x_pool1, w_cov2, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding="SAME")+ b_conv2)

        # 池化 2*2 strides2 [None, 14, 14, 64]---->[None, 7, 7, 64]
        x_pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(x_relu2, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding="SAME")

    # 4、全连接层 [None, 7, 7, 64]---->[None, 7*7*64]*[7*7*64, 10] + [10] = [None, 10]
    with tf.variable_scope("conv2"):

        # 随机初始化权重和偏置
        w_fc = weight_variables([7*7*64, 10])

        b_fc = bias_variables([10])

        # 修改形状  [None, 7, 7, 64]---->[None, 7*7*64]
        x_fc_reshape = tf.reshape(x_pool2, [-1, 7*7*64])

        # 进行矩阵运算得出每个样本的10个结果
        y_predict = tf.matmul(x_fc_reshape, w_fc) + b_fc

    return x, y_true, y_predict

def conv_fc():
    # 获取真实的数据
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets('MNIST_data/', one_hot=True)

    # 定义模型，得出输出
    x, y_true, y_predict = model()

    # 进行交叉熵损失计算
    # 1、求出所有样本的损失，然后求平均值
    with tf.variable_scope("soft_cross"):
        # 求平均交叉熵损失
        loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y_true, logits=y_predict))

    # 2、梯度下降求出损失
    with tf.variable_scope("optimizer"):
        train_op = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.0001).minimize(loss)

    # 3、计算准确率
    with tf.variable_scope("acc"):
        equal_list = tf.equal(tf.arg_max(y_true, 1), tf.arg_max(y_predict, 1))

        # equal_list None个样本  [1, 0 ,1, 0, 0 ......]
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(equal_list, tf.float32))

    # 定义一个初始化变量的op
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    # 开启会话运行
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(init_op)

        # 循环去训练
        for i in range(1000):
            # 取出真实存在的特征值和目标值
            mnist_x, mnist_y = mnist.train.next_batch(50)
            # 运行train_op训练
            sess.run(train_op, feed_dict={x: mnist_x, y_true: mnist_y})

            print("训练第%d步，准确率为：%f" % (i, sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: mnist_x, y_true: mnist_y})))

    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conv_fc()