C++虚析构函数的用法

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已于 2023-03-30 09:07:41 修改

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分类专栏： C/C++ 文章标签： c++ 开发语言

于 2023-02-11 21:58:35 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37120369/article/details/128989602

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文章通过示例代码展示了在C++中，当使用基类指针删除派生类对象时，如果没有声明虚析构函数，会导致子类的析构函数不被调用，从而可能引发内存泄露。添加虚析构函数可以确保正确地调用子类的析构，保证内存的正确释放。

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一般用在有继承关系的情况下，比如多态。

废话不说直接上代码：

#include <iostream>

class Base{
public:
    Base(){
        std::cout << "Base Constructor\n";
    }
    ~Base(){
        std::cout << "Base Destructor\n";
    }
//    virtual ~Base(){
//        std::cout << "Base Destructor\n";
//    }
};

class Derived:public Base{
public:
    Derived(){
        std::cout << "Derived Constructor\n";
    }
    ~Derived(){
        std::cout << "Derived Destructor\n";
    }
private:
    int * m_array;
};


int main() {

    Base* base = new Base();
    delete base;
    std::cout << "--------------------------\n";
    Derived* derived = new Derived();
    delete derived;
    std::cout << "--------------------------\n";
    Base* base1 = new Derived();
    delete base1; //这种情况下只会执行基类的析构函数，所以引入虚析构函数

    return 0;
}

运行结果如下：

可以看到，第三种情况下执行的只有基类的析构函数，子类的析构函数并未执行，如果子类的析构函数中有释放堆的操作，那这样便存在内存泄露

改进代码

#include <iostream>

class Base{
public:
    Base(){
        std::cout << "Base Constructor\n";
    }
//    ~Base(){
//        std::cout << "Base Destructor\n";
//    }
    virtual ~Base(){
        std::cout << "Base Destructor\n";
    }
};

class Derived:public Base{
public:
    Derived(){
        std::cout << "Derived Constructor\n";
    }
    ~Derived(){
        std::cout << "Derived Destructor\n";
    }
private:
    int * m_array;
};


int main() {

    Base* base = new Base();
    delete base;
    std::cout << "--------------------------\n";
    Derived* derived = new Derived();
    delete derived;
    std::cout << "--------------------------\n";
    Base* base1 = new Derived();
    delete base1; //这种情况下只会执行基类的析构函数，所以引入虚析构函数

    return 0;
}

运行结果如下：