Python学习笔记_02

Python的条件控制

is_hot = False
is_cold = False
if is_hot:
    print("It's  a hot day")
    print("Drink plenty of water")
elif is_cold:
    print("It's  a cold day")
    print("Wear warm clothes")
else:
    print("It's a lovely day")
print("Enjoy your day")

if - elif - else 结构

练习

购买一所房子100万，信用好交10%定金，信用差交20%定金

price = 1000000
has_good_credit = True
if has_good_credit:
    down_payment = price * 0.1
else:
    down_payment = price * 0.2
print(f"Down payment: ${down_payment}")

逻辑运算符 and or not

a = 1
b = 1
c = 0
if a and b:
    print("a 和 b 都为1")
if a or c:
    print("a和c中至少有一个1")
if not c:
    print("c为0")

补充 ：忘了比较运算符
https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-basic-operators.html

Python的循环结构

while循环

 i = 1
while(i <= 5):
    print(i)
    i += 1
print("Done")
#break 跳出循环
--------------输出结果----------------------
1
2
3
4
5

while-else

练习：猜数

guess_count = 0
guess_limit = 3
while guess_count < guess_limit:
    guess = int(input('Guess: '))
    guess_count += 1
    if guess == 9:
        print("You win")
        break
else:
    print("I'm sorry,you failed")
    ---------------------输出结果---------------------
    Guess: 1
	Guess: 9
	You win
	-------------------------------------------------
	Guess: 1
	Guess: 2
	Guess: 3
	I'm sorry,you failed

for循环

str = "Gpower"
for item in str:
    print(item+"   ",end="")
print()
for item in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6]:
    print(item,end=" ")
print()
for item in range(10):
    print(item,end=" ")
print()
for item in range(0,9):
    print(item,end=" ")
print()
for item in range(0,9,2):
    print(item, end=" ")
---------------------输出结果---------------------------
G   p   o   w   e   r   
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
0 2 4 6 8 
补充：print默认换行  print(item,end=" ")修改end参数即可
		   for循环的好基友 range() 有多种写法上面举例说明了

双重循环

 for x in range(3):
    for y in range(4):
        print(f"(x,y): ({x},{y})")

列表

names = ['zhangsan','lisi','wangwu']
print(names)

我暂且先把它理解为一个数组来看待

names = ['zhangsan','lisi','wangwu','zhaosi','xiaoming']
print(names[0])
names[0] = '张三'
print(names[1])
print(names[2])
print(names[-1])
print("---------------")
print(names[0:])
print(names[:])
print(names[2:])
print(names[2:4])
--------------------------输出结果
zhangsan
lisi
wangwu
xiaoming
---------------
['张三', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaosi', 'xiaoming']
['张三', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaosi', 'xiaoming']
['wangwu', 'zhaosi', 'xiaoming']
['wangwu', 'zhaosi']

练习 找出列表中的最大值

numbers = [1,3,15,1,5,6,8,2,0,33]
max = numbers[0]
for item in numbers:
    if item > max:
        max = item
print(f"max: {max}")

二重列表

matrix = [
    [1,2,3],
    [4,5,6],
    [7,8,9]
]
matrix[0][1] = 20
print(matrix[0][1])
# 双重列表的遍历
for row in matrix:
    for item in row:
        print(item,end=" ")
    print()
  -------------------------输出结果
20
1 20 3 
4 5 6 
7 8 9 

睡觉了，熬不住了

列表方法

numbers = [1,3,5,2,4,8,1,1,1]
#在结尾添加一项
numbers.append(14)
print(numbers)
#移除值
numbers.remove(5)
print(numbers)
#在索引位置添加
numbers.insert(0,10)
print(numbers)
#移除列表中的一个元素（默认最后一个元素），并且返回该元素的值
number = numbers.pop()
print(number)
#从列表中找出某个值第一个匹配项的索引位置
number = numbers.index(8)
print(number)
#统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数
print(numbers.count(1))
#排序 升序和降序
numbers.sort()
print(numbers)
numbers.reverse()
print(numbers)
#复制一个列表
numbers2 = numbers.copy()
print(numbers2)
#移除所有项
numbers.clear()
print(numbers)
-----------------------------------------输出结果
[1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 8, 1, 1, 1, 14]
[1, 3, 2, 4, 8, 1, 1, 1, 14]
[10, 1, 3, 2, 4, 8, 1, 1, 1, 14]
14
5
4
[1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10]
[10, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]
[10, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]
[]

列表的更多方法：https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-list.html

元组

元组与列表类似，但元组不能修改。即不可变

# 元组的定义 用括号（） 方法与列表类似
numbers = (1,2,3,1,1,1)
print(numbers.index(3))
print(numbers.count(1))
print(numbers[0])

python 的解压缩特性

# 元组与列表都可以
numbers = [1,2,3]
'''
x,y,z = numbers 相当于
x = numbers[0] 
y = numbers[1] 
z = numbers[2] 
'''
x,y,z = numbers
print(f"x->{x}\ny->{y}\nz->{z}\n")
--------------------------------输出结果
x->1
y->2
z->3

字典

#键值对 key大小写敏感
student = {
    "name": "zhangsan",
    "age":30,
    "is_verified": True
}
student["birthday"] = "1999 01 01"
print(student["name"])
# 有两种方法获得值 一种[] 一种get方法，get方法可以设置默认值,如果值不存在就返回默认值
print(student["birthday"])
print(student.get("birthday","1111111111"))
print(student.get("bbbb","1111111111"))

练习 输入数字返回它的英文

输入：1234
返回： one two three four

numbers = {
    1 : 'one',
    2 : 'two',
    3 : 'three',
    4 : 'four',
    5 : 'five',
    6 : 'six',
    7 : 'seven',
    8 : 'eight',
    9 : 'nine',
    0 : 'zero',
}
number = input("Phone: ")
for item in number:
    print(numbers.get(int(item)),end="  ")

练习 表情转换

message = input(">")
words = message.split(' ')
emojis = {
    ":)": "😊",
    ":(": "😂"
}
output = ""
for word in words:
    output += emojis.get(word,word) + " "
print(output)
-----------------------------输出结果
>good morning :)
good morning 😊