Contents
本教程介绍了部分有光泽的纹理表面的逐像素光照。
光泽度映射
在“Lighting Textured Surfaces”一节中，漫反射的材质常数由纹理图像的RGB分量确定。在这里，我们扩展这项技术，并通过同一纹理图像的A分量确定镜面反射的强度。仅使用一个纹理提供了显著的性能优势，尤其是因为在某些情况下RGBA纹理查找与RGB纹理查找一样昂贵。
如果将纹理图像的“光泽度”（即镜面反射的强度）编码为RGBA纹理图像的A分量，我们可以简单的将镜面反射
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K_{specular}
Kspecular的材质常数乘以纹理图像的Alpha分量。
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K_{specular}
Kspecular在“Specular Highlights”一节中介绍过了，并出现在Phong反射模型的镜面反射项中：
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I_{specular}=I_{incoming}K_{specular}max(0,R·V)^(n_{shininess})
Ispecular=IincomingKspecularmax(0,R⋅V)(nshininess)
如果与纹理图像的alpha分量相乘，则此项在alpha为1时达到最大值（即表面光滑），在alpha为0时达到最小值（即表面完全不光滑）。
逐像素光照的Shader代码
此着色器代码是“Smooth Specular Highlights”一节中的逐像素光照和“Textured Spheres”一节中的纹理的结合。类似“Lighting Texutred Surfaces”一节中，textureColor中纹理颜色的RGB分量被乘以漫反射材质颜色_Color。
在左侧特定纹理图像中，水的alpha分量为0，陆地的alpha分量为1.但是应该有光泽的是水，没有光泽的是土地，因此，对于该图像，我们应该将镜面反射材质颜色乘以（1-textureColor.a）。另一方面，通常的光泽图像需要与textureColor.a相乘。（请注意，对着色器程序进行这种更改是很容易的）。
Shader "Cg per-pixel lighting with texture" {
Properties {
_MainTex ("RGBA Texture For Material Color", 2D) = "white" {}
_Color ("Diffuse Material Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_SpecColor ("Specular Material Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
_Shininess ("Shininess", Float) = 10
}
SubShader {
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardBase" }
// pass for ambient light and first light source
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
uniform float4 _LightColor0;
// color of light source (from "Lighting.cginc")
// User-specified properties
uniform sampler2D _MainTex;
uniform float4 _Color;
uniform float4 _SpecColor;
uniform float _Shininess;
struct vertexInput {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
float4 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};
struct vertexOutput {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 posWorld : TEXCOORD0;
float3 normalDir : TEXCOORD1;
float4 tex : TEXCOORD2;
};
vertexOutput vert(vertexInput input)
{
vertexOutput output;
float4x4 modelMatrix = unity_ObjectToWorld;
float4x4 modelMatrixInverse = unity_WorldToObject;
output.posWorld = mul(modelMatrix, input.vertex);
output.normalDir = normalize(
mul(float4(input.normal, 0.0), modelMatrixInverse).xyz);
output.tex = input.texcoord;
output.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(input.vertex);
return output;
}
float4 frag(vertexOutput input) : COLOR
{
float3 normalDirection = normalize(input.normalDir);
float3 viewDirection = normalize(
_WorldSpaceCameraPos - input.posWorld.xyz);
float3 lightDirection;
float attenuation;
float4 textureColor = tex2D(_MainTex, input.tex.xy);
if (0.0 == _WorldSpaceLightPos0.w) // directional light?
{
attenuation = 1.0; // no attenuation
lightDirection =
normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
}
else // point or spot light
{
float3 vertexToLightSource =
_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - input.posWorld.xyz;
float distance = length(vertexToLightSource);
attenuation = 1.0 / distance; // linear attenuation
lightDirection = normalize(vertexToLightSource);
}
float3 ambientLighting = textureColor.rgb
* UNITY_LIGHTMODEL_AMBIENT.rgb * _Color.rgb;
float3 diffuseReflection = textureColor.rgb
* attenuation * _LightColor0.rgb * _Color.rgb
* max(0.0, dot(normalDirection, lightDirection));
float3 specularReflection;
if (dot(normalDirection, lightDirection) < 0.0)
// light source on the wrong side?
{
specularReflection = float3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
// no specular reflection
}
else // light source on the right side
{
specularReflection = attenuation * _LightColor0.rgb
* _SpecColor.rgb * (1.0 - textureColor.a)
// for usual gloss maps: "... * textureColor.a"
* pow(max(0.0, dot(
reflect(-lightDirection, normalDirection),
viewDirection)), _Shininess);
}
return float4(ambientLighting + diffuseReflection
+ specularReflection, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
Pass {
Tags { "LightMode" = "ForwardAdd" }
// pass for additional light sources
Blend One One // additive blending
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
uniform float4 _LightColor0;
// color of light source (from "Lighting.cginc")
// User-specified properties
uniform sampler2D _MainTex;
uniform float4 _Color;
uniform float4 _SpecColor;
uniform float _Shininess;
struct vertexInput {
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 normal : NORMAL;
float4 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};
struct vertexOutput {
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 posWorld : TEXCOORD0;
float3 normalDir : TEXCOORD1;
float4 tex : TEXCOORD2;
};
vertexOutput vert(vertexInput input)
{
vertexOutput output;
float4x4 modelMatrix = unity_ObjectToWorld;
float4x4 modelMatrixInverse = unity_WorldToObject;
output.posWorld = mul(modelMatrix, input.vertex);
output.normalDir = normalize(
mul(float4(input.normal, 0.0), modelMatrixInverse).xyz);
output.tex = input.texcoord;
output.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(input.vertex);
return output;
}
float4 frag(vertexOutput input) : COLOR
{
float3 normalDirection = normalize(input.normalDir);
float3 viewDirection = normalize(
_WorldSpaceCameraPos - input.posWorld.xyz);
float3 lightDirection;
float attenuation;
float4 textureColor = tex2D(_MainTex, input.tex.xy);
if (0.0 == _WorldSpaceLightPos0.w) // directional light?
{
attenuation = 1.0; // no attenuation
lightDirection =
normalize(_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz);
}
else // point or spot light
{
float3 vertexToLightSource =
_WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - input.posWorld.xyz;
float distance = length(vertexToLightSource);
attenuation = 1.0 / distance; // linear attenuation
lightDirection = normalize(vertexToLightSource);
}
float3 diffuseReflection = textureColor.rgb
* attenuation * _LightColor0.rgb * _Color.rgb
* max(0.0, dot(normalDirection, lightDirection));
float3 specularReflection;
if (dot(normalDirection, lightDirection) < 0.0)
// light source on the wrong side?
{
specularReflection = float3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
// no specular reflection
}
else // light source on the right side
{
specularReflection = attenuation * _LightColor0.rgb
* _SpecColor.rgb * (1.0 - textureColor.a)
// for usual gloss maps: "... * textureColor.a"
* pow(max(0.0, dot(
reflect(-lightDirection, normalDirection),
viewDirection)), _Shininess);
}
return float4(diffuseReflection
+ specularReflection, 1.0);
// no ambient lighting in this pass
}
ENDCG
}
}
Fallback "Specular"
}
对于上面的特定纹理图像，此着色器的一个有用修改是将漫反射材质的颜色设置为深蓝色，其中alpha分量为0。
总结
您已经完成了有关光泽度映射的重要教程，我们学习了：
- 什么是光泽度映射
- 如何用逐像素实现它
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