openCV初入门第一节（python）

1.加载图片或者视频

import cv2
#path：文件路径:加载文件
def show_image(path)
	image = cv2.imread(path)
	#创建窗口
	cv2.namedWindow('image',cv2.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
	cv2.imshow(image)
	cv2.waitKey(40)
	cv2.destoryallwindow()
#加载视频
def show_vedio_demo(path):
	#path如果为0，显示调用自身摄像头
	capture = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
	ret,frame = capture.read()
	if ret==False:
		break
	cv2.imshow('vedio',frame)
	cv = cv2.waitkey(40)
	#27：Esc
	if cv == 27:
		break
	
	

2.图像信息

def get_image_info(image):
	
	print('type:',type(image))
	#像素信息：height,width,channels
	#长、高、通道数:色彩通道:0:BLUE  1:GREEN  2.RED
	print('shape:',image.shape)
	#size = 长*高*通道数
	print('size:',image.size)
	#image.dtype:像素类型
	print('dtype:',image.dtype)

3.生成图像：利用numpy

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = np.ones([400,400,3],dtype=np.uint8)
img = img * 125
cv2.imshow(img)
cv2.waitKey(10)
cv2.destoryallwindow()
#测试0:BLUE  1:GREEN  2.RED
def get_image():
	img = np.zeros([400,400,3],dtype=np.uint8)
		#通道0
	#img[:,:,0] = np.ones([400,400],dtype = np.uint8)*100
		#通道1
	#img[:,:,1] = np.ones([400,400],dtype = np.uint8)*100
		#通道2
	#img[:,:,1] = np.ones([400,400],dtype = np.uint8)*100
	cv2.imshow('img',img)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destorallwindow()

4.像素转换

def pixel_info(image):
	shape = image.shape
	height = shape[0]
	width = shape[1]
	channels = shape[2]
	for row in range(height):
		for col in range(width):
			for channel in range(channels):
				pixel = image[row,col,channel]
				image[row,col,channel] = 255-pixel
	return image
#测试时间：速度慢
#用于返回CPU的频率：getTickFrequency()
frequence = cv2.getTickFrequency()
t1 = cv2.getTickCount()
image = pixel_info(image)
t2 = cv2.getTickCount()
print((t2-t1)/frequence)
#自带API：速度快
def inverse_pixel(image):
	image = cv2.bitwise_not(image)
	#写入文件
	cv2.imwrite('inverse_image',image)
	return image	

5.色彩空间转换

#常见色彩空间:RGB
def change_color_space(image,space_type):
	#RGB转为其它类型，此处暂时列了rgb转为:hsv,hls,yuv
	if space_type = 'HSV':
		image_new = cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
	if space_type = 'HLS'
		image_new = cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2HLS)
	if space_type = 'YUV':
		image_new = cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_RGB2YUV)
	return image_new
#inRange方法#二值化功能
#提取某个颜色
#inRange(src, lowerb, upperb[, dst]) -> dst
def extract_from_video(path):
	capture = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
	ret,frame = capture.read()
	#lowerd,upperb:随机定义的
	if ret==False:
		break
	lowerd = np.array([10,45,56])
	upperb = np.array([20,255,255])
	frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
	frame = cv2.inRange(frame,lowerd=lowerd,upperb=upperb)
	cv2.imshow('vedio',frame)
	cv = cv2.waitKey(50)
	if cv == 27:
		break

6.通道分割/合并

def split_image(image):
	b,g,r = cv2.split(image)
	cv2.imshow('blue',b)
	cv2.imshow('green',g)
	cv2.imshow('red',r)
	cv2.waitKey(0)
	cv2.destorallwindow()
def merge_image():
	image = cv2.merge([b,g,r])
	return image