文章目录
Ceph分布式存储学习文档
① Ceph分布式存储系统简介
② Ceph版本选择与安装
③ Ceph—RBD块设备介绍与创建
④ CephFs文件系统
⑤ Ceph Dashboard界面介绍与安装
⑥ prometheus+grafana监控Ceph集群
⑦ Ceph日常运维管理命令
一、PV、PVC概述
管理存储是管理计算的一个明显问题。PersistentVolume子系统为用户和管理员提供了一个API，用于抽象如何根据消费方式提供存储的详细信息。于是引入了两个新的API资源：PersistentVolume和PersistentVolumeClaim
PersistentVolume（PV）是集群中已由管理员配置的一段网络存储。 集群中的资源就像一个节点是一个集群资源。 PV是诸如卷之类的卷插件，但是具有独立于使用PV的任何单个pod的生命周期。 该API对象包含存储的实现细节，即NFS，iSCSI或云提供商特定的存储系统。
PersistentVolumeClaim（PVC）是用户存储的请求。 它类似于pod。Pod消耗节点资源，PVC消耗存储资源。 pod可以请求特定级别的资源（CPU和内存）。 权限要求可以请求特定的大小和访问模式。
虽然PersistentVolumeClaims允许用户使用抽象存储资源，但是常见的是，用户需要具有不同属性（如性能）的PersistentVolumes，用于不同的问题。 管理员需要能够提供多种不同于PersistentVolumes，而不仅仅是大小和访问模式，而不会使用户了解这些卷的实现细节。 对于这些需求，存在StorageClass资源。
StorageClass为集群提供了一种描述他们提供的存储的“类”的方法。 不同的类可能映射到服务质量级别，或备份策略，或者由群集管理员确定的任意策略。 Kubernetes本身对于什么类别代表是不言而喻的。 这个概念有时在其他存储系统中称为“配置文件”
二、POD动态供给
动态供给主要是能够自动帮你创建pv，需要多大的空间就创建多大的pv。k8s帮助创建pv，创建pvc就直接api调用存储类来寻找pv。
如果是存储静态供给的话，会需要我们手动去创建pv，如果没有足够的资源，找不到合适的pv，那么pod就会处于pending等待的状态。而动态供给主要的一个实现就是StorageClass存储对象，其实它就是声明你使用哪个存储，然后帮你去连接，再帮你去自动创建pv。
三、POD使用RBD做为持久数据卷
安装与配置
RBD支持ReadWriteOnce，ReadOnlyMany两种模式
1、配置rbd-provisioner
cat >external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
resources: ["storageclasses"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["events"]
verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["endpoints"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["kube-dns"]
verbs: ["list", "get"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: rbd-provisioner
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: rbd-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: rbd-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: rbd-provisioner
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: rbd-provisioner
spec:
containers:
- name: rbd-provisioner
image: quay.io/external_storage/rbd-provisioner:latest
env:
- name: PROVISIONER_NAME
value: ceph.com/rbd
serviceAccount: rbd-provisioner
EOF
kubectl apply -f external-storage-rbd-provisioner.yaml
2、配置storageclass
#1、创建pod时，kubelet需要使用rbd命令去检测和挂载pv对应的ceph image，所以要在所有的worker节点安装ceph客户端ceph-common。将ceph的ceph.client.admin.keyring和ceph.conf文件拷贝到master的/etc/ceph目录下
## 推送文件到master节点：
scp -rp ceph.client.admin.keyring ceph.conf root@192.168.0.10:/etc/ceph/
## 在k8s集群每个节点安装(下载ceph的源)
yum -y install ceph-common
#2、创建 osd pool 在ceph的mon或者admin节点
ceph osd pool create kube 16 16
[root@k8s-master ceph]# ceph osd lspools
1 .rgw.root
2 default.rgw.control
3 default.rgw.meta
4 default.rgw.log
5 rbd
6 kube
7 cephfs-data
8 cephfs-metadata
#3、创建k8s访问ceph的用户 在ceph的mon或者admin节点
ceph auth get-or-create client.kube mon 'allow r' osd 'allow class-read object_prefix rbd_children, allow rwx pool=kube' -o ceph.client.kube.keyring
#4、查看key 在ceph的mon或者admin节点和kube用户
ceph auth get-key client.admin
AQBQhrJeRHJmLxAATSxU4vjf79KgJpVkNb+VsQ==
ceph auth get-key client.kube
AQCQqztfSQNWFxAAdBmLqhJ/thboY0vGcZ7ixQ==
#5、创建 admin secret(使用admin的key)
kubectl create secret generic ceph-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=AQBQhrJeRHJmLxAATSxU4vjf79KgJpVkNb+VsQ== \
--namespace=kube-system
#6、在 default 命名空间创建pvc用于访问ceph的 secret(使用kube用户的key)
kubectl create secret generic ceph-user-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=AQCQqztfSQNWFxAAdBmLqhJ/thboY0vGcZ7ixQ== \
--namespace=default
[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get secret
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
ceph-user-secret kubernetes.io/rbd 1 30s
3、配置StorageClass
cat >storageclass-ceph-rdb.yaml<<EOF
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: dynamic-ceph-rdb
provisioner: ceph.com/rbd
parameters:
monitors: 192.168.0.6:6789,192.168.0.7:6789,192.168.0.8:6789
adminId: admin
adminSecretName: ceph-secret
adminSecretNamespace: kube-system
pool: kube
userId: kube
userSecretName: ceph-user-secret
fsType: ext4
imageFormat: "2"
imageFeatures: "layering"
EOF
4、创建yaml
kubectl apply -f storageclass-ceph-rdb.yaml
5、查看sc
[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get sc
NAME PROVISIONER RECLAIMPOLICY VOLUMEBINDINGMODE ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION AGE
dynamic-ceph-rdb ceph.com/rbd Delete Immediate false 11s
测试使用
1、创建pvc测试
cat >ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml<<EOF
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: ceph-rdb-claim
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
storageClassName: dynamic-ceph-rdb
resources:
requests:
storage: 2Gi
EOF
kubectl apply -f ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml
2、查看
[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
ceph-rdb-claim Bound pvc-214e462d-8da7-4234-ac68-3222900dd176 2Gi RWO dynamic-ceph-rdb 40s
[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pvc-214e462d-8da7-4234-ac68-3222900dd176 2Gi RWO Delete Bound default/ceph-rdb-claim dynamic-ceph-rdb 10s
3、创建 nginx pod 挂载测试
cat >nginx-pod.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod1
labels:
name: nginx-pod1
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-pod1
image: nginx
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
- name: ceph-rdb
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
- name: ceph-rdb
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: ceph-rdb-claim
EOF
4、查看
[root@k8s-master ceph]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-pod1 1/1 Running 0 39s
#pod的IP为10.244.58.252
5、修改文件内容
kubectl exec -it nginx-pod1 -- /bin/sh -c 'echo this is from Ceph RBD!!! > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html'
6、访问测试
[root@k8s-master ceph]# curl http://10.244.58.252
this is from Ceph RBD!!!
#查看rbd块设备的数据
[root@k8s-master ceph]# rados -p kube ls --all
rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.0000000000000102
rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.00000000000000a0
rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.000000000000010b
rbd_data.67b206b8b4567.0000000000000100
rbd_id.image02_clone01
rbd_id.kubernetes-dynamic-pvc-5fd1042a-e13e-11ea-9abe-1edcc60c1557
...
7、清理
kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f ceph-rdb-pvc-test.yaml
#rbd块中已经清除了
[root@k8s-master ceph]# rados -p kube ls --all
rbd_id.image02_clone01
rbd_header.2828baf9d30c7
rbd_directory
rbd_children
rbd_info
rbd_object_map.2828baf9d30c7
四、POD使用CephFS做为持久数据卷
CephFS方式支持k8s的pv的3种访问模式ReadWriteOnce，ReadOnlyMany ，ReadWriteMany
Ceph端创建CephFS pool
1、如下操作在ceph的mon或者admin节点
CephFS需要使用两个Pool来分别存储数据和元数据
ceph osd pool create fs_data 128
ceph osd pool create fs_metadata 128
ceph osd lspools
2、创建一个CephFS
ceph fs new cephfs fs_metadata fs_data
3、查看
ceph fs ls
部署 cephfs-provisioner
1、使用社区提供的cephfs-provisioner
cat >external-storage-cephfs-provisioner.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
resources: ["storageclasses"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["events"]
verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["endpoints"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create", "get", "delete"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cephfs-provisioner
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create", "get", "delete"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: cephfs-provisioner
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: cephfs-provisioner
namespace: kube-system
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: cephfs-provisioner
replicas: 1
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: cephfs-provisioner
spec:
containers:
- name: cephfs-provisioner
image: "quay.io/external_storage/cephfs-provisioner:latest"
env:
- name: PROVISIONER_NAME
value: ceph.com/cephfs
command:
- "/usr/local/bin/cephfs-provisioner"
args:
- "-id=cephfs-provisioner-1"
serviceAccount: cephfs-provisioner
EOF
kubectl apply -f external-storage-cephfs-provisioner.yaml
2、查看状态 等待running之后 再进行后续的操作
kubectl get pod -n kube-system
配置 storageclass
1、查看key 在ceph的mon或者admin节点
ceph auth get-key client.admin
2、创建 admin secret
#上一案例已创建了则不用再次执行
kubectl create secret generic ceph-secret --type="kubernetes.io/rbd" \
--from-literal=key=AQBQhrJeRHJmLxAATSxU4vjf79KgJpVkNb+VsQ== \
--namespace=kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: ceph-secret-admin
namespace: kube-system
type: "kubernetes.io/rbd"
data:
# ceph auth get-key client.admin | base64
key: QVFDckJ3dGVBSTdUT2hBQXpGZ1JaTzBNSy9kYTJBRm41RWRkcUE9PQ==
3、查看 secret
kubectl get secret ceph-secret -n kube-system -o yaml
4、配置 StorageClass
cat >storageclass-cephfs.yaml<<EOF
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: dynamic-cephfs
provisioner: ceph.com/cephfs
parameters:
monitors: 192.168.0.6:6789,192.168.0.7:6789,192.168.0.8:6789
adminId: admin
adminSecretName: ceph-secret
adminSecretNamespace: "kube-system"
claimRoot: /volumes/kubernetes
EOF
5、创建
kubectl apply -f storageclass-cephfs.yaml
6、查看
kubectl get sc
测试使用
1、创建pvc测试
cat >cephfs-pvc-test.yaml<<EOF
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: cephfs-claim
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
storageClassName: dynamic-cephfs
resources:
requests:
storage: 2Gi
EOF
kubectl apply -f cephfs-pvc-test.yaml
2、查看
kubectl get pvc
kubectl get pv
3、创建 nginx pod 挂载测试
cat >nginx-pod.yaml<<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx-pod2
labels:
name: nginx-pod2
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx-pod2
image: nginx
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 80
volumeMounts:
- name: cephfs
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
- name: cephfs
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: cephfs-claim
EOF
kubectl apply -f nginx-pod.yaml
4、查看
kubectl get pods -o wide
5、修改文件内容
kubectl exec -it nginx-pod2 -- /bin/sh -c 'echo This is from CephFS!!! > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html'
6、访问pod测试
[root@k8s-master fs]# curl 10.244.58.198
This is from CephFS!!!
7、清理
kubectl delete -f nginx-pod.yaml
kubectl delete -f cephfs-pvc-test.yaml
- CephFS支持·
ReadWriteOnce、ReadOnlyMany和ReadWriteMany，可以允许多POD同时读写，适用于数据共享场景； - Ceph RBD 只支持**
ReadWriteOnce和ReadOnlyMany**，允许多POD同时读，适用于状态应用资源隔离场景。
参考文章1：https://blog.51cto.com/juestnow/2408267
参考文章2：https://blog.51cto.com/ygqygq2/216365
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