Mybatis中一对一映射

一对一映射
Student和Address是一个【一对一】关系

	drop table students;
	drop table addresses;
	如果需要可以使用 cascade constraints;
       
     建表语言:
	create table addresses(
	  addr_id number primary key,
	  street varchar2(50) not null,
	  city varchar2(50) not null,
	  state varchar2(50) not null,
	  zip varchar2(10),
	  country varchar2(50)
	);

	create table students(
	  stud_id number primary key,
	  name varchar2(50) not null,
	  email varchar2(50),
	  dob date ,
	  phone varchar2(15),  
	  addr_id number references addresses(addr_id)
	);

java类:
	public class PhoneNumber {
		private String countryCode;
		private String stateCode;
		private String number;
		get/set
	}
	public class Address{
		private Integer addrId;
		private String street;
		private String city;
		private String state;
		private String zip;
		private String country;
		get/set
	}
	public class Student {
		private Integer studId; 
		private String name; 
		private String email; 
		private Date dob;
		private PhoneNumber phone;
		private Address address;
		get/set
	}

addresses 表的样例输入如下所示：
addr_id street city state zip country
1 redSt kunshan W 12345 china
2 blueST kunshan W 12345 china

	insert into addresses(addr_id,street,city,state,zip,country) values(1,'redSt','kunshan','W','12345','china');
	insert into addresses(addr_id,street,city,state,zip,country) values(2,'blueST','kunshan','W','12345','china');

students 表的样例数据如下所示：
stud_id name email phone addr_id
1 John john@gmail.com 123-456-7890 1
2 Paul paul@gmail.com 111-222-3333 2

	insert into students(stud_id,name,email,phone,addr_id) values(1,'John','john@gmail.com','123-456-7890',1);
	insert into students(stud_id,name,email,phone,addr_id) values(2,'Paul','paul@gmail.com','111-222-3333',2);

mapper XML:

	<resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
	  <id property="studId" column="stud_id" /> 
	  <result property="name" column="name" /> 
	  <result property="email" column="email" /> 
	  <result property="phone" column="phone" /> 
	  <result property="address.addrId" column="addr_id" /> 
	  <result property="address.street" column="street" /> 
	  <result property="address.city" column="city" /> 
	  <result property="address.state" column="state" /> 
	  <result property="address.zip" column="zip" /> 
	  <result property="address.country" column="country" /> 
	</resultMap> 
	<select id="selectStudentWithAddress" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
		select stud_id, name, email,dob,phone, a.addr_id, street, city, state, zip, country 
		from students s left outer join addresses a 
		on s.addr_id=a.addr_id 
		where stud_id=#{id}  
	</select> 

	注意：可以使用(对象.属性名)的方式为内嵌的对象内的属性赋值。

//接口定义
public interface Student Mapper{
Student selectStudentWithAddress(int studId);
}

//方法调用
int studId = 1;
StudentMapper studentMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
Student student = studentMapper.selectStudentWithAddress(studId);
System.out.println(“Student :” + student);
System.out.println(“Address :” + student.getAddress());

	上面是一对一关联映射的一种方法。
	注意，在使用这种方式映射的时候，如果address结果需要在其他的SELECT映射语句中单独封装成Address对象，那么就需要把同样的配置在重新写一遍。
	因为当前是在封装Student对象的时候嵌入了Address对象的封装。这段对Address映射的配置不能在其他地方重复的单独使用。
	
	针对于这种情况，MyBatis提供了更好地实现一对一关联映射的俩种方法：
		【嵌套结果】ResultMap
		【嵌套查询】select

3.4.1 使用【嵌套结果】ResultMap，实现一对一关系映射

使用嵌套结果ResultMap方式来获取Student及其Address信息，代码如下：
	
	<!-- 独立的Address封装映射 -->
	<resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult"> 
	  <id property="addrId" column="addr_id" /> 
	  <result property="street" column="street" /> 
	  <result property="city" column="city" /> 
	  <result property="state" column="state" /> 
	  <result property="zip" column="zip" /> 
	  <result property="country" column="country" /> 
	</resultMap> 
	
	<!-- Student封装映射，里面关联上Address的封装映射 -->
	<resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
	  <id property="studId" column="stud_id" /> 
	  <result property="name" column="name" /> 
	  <result property="email" column="email" /> 
	  <result property="dob" column="dob" /> 
	  <result property="phone" column="phone" />
	  <association property="address" resultMap="AddressResult" /> 
	</resultMap>
	
	<select id="findStudentByIdWithAddress" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
		select stud_id, name, email,dob,phone, a.addr_id, street, city, state, zip, country 
		from students s left outer join addresses a 
		on s.addr_id=a.addr_id 
		where stud_id=#{id}  
	</select> 
	
注:<association>是关联的意思,常被用来表示(has-one)类型的关联。就是对象1里面关联另一个对象2

同时我们也可以使用 定义【内联】的resultMap，少用代码如下所示：

	<!-- 相当于把Student映射和Address映射又合并在一起写了，还是使用<association>标签 -->
	<resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
	  <id property="studId" column="stud_id" /> 
	  <result property="name" column="name" /> 
	  <result property="email" column="email" /> 
	  <association property="address" jdbcType="Address"> 
		<id property="addrId" column="addr_id" /> 
		<result property="street" column="street" /> 
		<result property="city" column="city" /> 
		<result property="state" column="state" /> 
		<result property="zip" column="zip" /> 
		<result property="country" column="country" /> 
	  </association> 
	</resultMap> 

3.4.2 使用【嵌套查询】select，实现一对一关系映射

使用嵌套查询select来获取Student及其Address信息，代码如下：
	
	<!-- Student封装映射，里面关联上查询address使用的select语句，并指定数据库表中的这个关联的外键列的名字，这里是addr_id -->
	<!-- 独立的Address封装映射 -->
	<resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult"> 
	  <id property="addrId" column="addr_id" /> 
	  <result property="street" column="street" /> 
	  <result property="city" column="city" /> 
	  <result property="state" column="state" /> 
	  <result property="zip" column="zip" /> 
	  <result property="country" column="country" /> 
	</resultMap>
	
	<!-- 独立的select查询，专门查询Address -->
	<select id="findAddressById" parameterType="int" resultMap="AddressResult"> 
		select * from addresses 
		where addr_id=#{id} 
	</select> 
	
	<!-- Student封装映射，里面关联上查询address使用的select语句，并指定数据库表中的这个关联的外键列的名字，这里是addr_id -->
	<resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
	  <id property="studId" column="stud_id" /> 
	  <result property="name" column="name" /> 
	  <result property="email" column="email" /> 
	  <result property="dob" column="dob" /> 
	  <result property="phone" column="phone" /> 
	
	<!--student查出来的地址id，当作参数给查地址的sql语句   column="addr_id"为参数 ，  select="findAddressById"为查询结果，最后封装到property="address" -->
	  <association property="address" column="addr_id" select="findAddressById" /> 
	
	</resultMap>

	<!-- 查询Student的select语句，这里不用写多表查询，因为对于address的关联查询，已经在上边定义好了，并且在结果映射中关联进来了 -->
	<select id="findStudentByIdWithAddress" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressResult"> 
		select * from students 
		where stud_id=#{id} 
	</select> 

在此方式中，元素的select属性被设置成了id为findAddressById的语句
两个分开的SQL语句将会在数据库中分别执行，第一个调用findStudentById加载student信息，而第二个调用findAddressById来加载address信息。addr_id列的值将会被作为输入参数传递给selectAddressById语句作为参数进行条件查询。

	调用findStudentWithAddress方法测试：
	StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); 
	Student student = mapper.selectStudentWithAddress(1); 
	System.out.println(student); 
	System.out.println(student.getAddress());

区别：嵌套结果和嵌套查询
嵌套结果：
1.嵌套结果是一条多表sql语句，与数据库交互一次
2.查询出来封装的结果有多个，在第一个封装的结果中，在外键字段上嵌套另一个结果，通过 标签，指定另一个结果的映射。

       嵌套查询：
        1.嵌套查询是将多表SQL语句，拆分成多条sql语句，分别对应每张表进行单表查询，与数据库交互多次
        2.把第一条sql语句查出来的数据，当作第二条sql语句查询的参数，后面也是直到执行到最后一条sql语句
        3.效率低，因为要和数据库交互多次，而且如果第一条sql语句结果很多条的时候，后面的sql语句会根据每一条结果继续查询