C++基础回顾（三）

看视频课程：C++面向对象编程

第20-21节定义自己的String类

string.h

//使用宏指令，防止重复定义
#ifndef STRING_H
#define STRING_H
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class String
{
public:
	String(const char* pStr);
	String(int n, char c);
	~String();

	String(String& str);
	const String& operator=(const String& str);

	char operator[](int pos)const;
	char at(int pos)const;

	int size()const;
	int length()const;
	bool empty()const;

	const String& operator+=(const String& str);
	//bool operator==(const String& str);
	//bool compare(const String& str);

	friend istream& operator>>(istream& input, String& str);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, String& str) ;
private:
	char* m_pBuff;
	int m_nRealLen;
	int m_nBuffSize;
};
#endif

string.cpp

#include "String.h"
#define EXT_LEN 50

String::String(const char* pStr)
{
	m_nRealLen = strlen(pStr);
	m_pBuff = new char[m_nRealLen + EXT_LEN];
	//这里用strcpy不合适，copy后末尾加‘\0’,都改成memcpy()
	//strcpy(m_pBuff, pStr);
	memcpy(m_pBuff, pStr, m_nRealLen);
	m_nBuffSize = m_nRealLen + EXT_LEN;

}
String::String(int n, char c)
{
	m_pBuff = new char[n + EXT_LEN];
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		m_pBuff[i] = c;
	}
	m_nRealLen = n;
	m_nBuffSize = n + EXT_LEN;
}
String::~String()
{
	if(m_pBuff)
	{
		delete []m_pBuff;
		m_pBuff = NULL;
	}
	m_nRealLen = 0;
	m_nBuffSize = 0;
}

String::String(String& str)
{
	/*if(m_pBuff)
	{
		delete []m_pBuff;
		m_pBuff = NULL;
	}*/
	m_pBuff = new char[str.length() + EXT_LEN];
	//strcpy(m_pBuff, str.m_pBuff);
	memcpy(m_pBuff, str.m_pBuff, str.length());
	m_nRealLen = str.length();
	m_nBuffSize = m_nRealLen + EXT_LEN;
}
const String& String::operator=(const String& str)
{
	if(this == &str)
	{
		return *this;
	}
	if(m_pBuff)
	{
		delete []m_pBuff;
		m_pBuff = NULL;
	}
	m_pBuff = new char[str.length() + EXT_LEN];
	//strcpy(m_pBuff, str.m_pBuff);
	memcpy(m_pBuff, str.m_pBuff, str.length());
	m_nRealLen = str.length();
	m_nBuffSize = m_nRealLen + EXT_LEN;
}

char String::operator[](int nPos)const
{
	return m_pBuff[nPos];
}
char String::at(int nPos)const
{
	if(nPos >= m_nRealLen)
	{
		//throw exception
	}
		return m_pBuff[nPos];
}

int String::size()const
{
	return m_nBuffSize;
}
int String::length()const
{
	return m_nRealLen;
}
bool String::empty()const
{
	return !m_nRealLen;
}

const String& String::operator+=(const String& str)
{
	//EXT_LEN=50是否够用
	if(m_nBuffSize - m_nRealLen >= str.length())
	{
		//strcat(m_pBuff, str.m_pBuff);
		memcpy(m_pBuff + m_nRealLen, str.m_pBuff, str.length());
		m_nRealLen = m_nRealLen + str.length();
		m_nBuffSize -=str.length();
	}
	else
	{
		int nLen = m_nRealLen + str.length();
		char*p = new char[nLen + EXT_LEN];
		//strcpy(p, m_pBuff);
		memcpy(p, m_pBuff, m_nRealLen);
		//strcpy(p + m_nRealLen, str.m_pBuff);
		memcpy(p + m_nRealLen, str.m_pBuff, str.length());
		m_nRealLen = nLen;
		m_nBuffSize = nLen + EXT_LEN; 

		if(m_pBuff)
		{
			delete []m_pBuff;
		}
		m_pBuff = p;
	}
	return *this;
}

//流提取>>运算符重载，作为友元函数，不能作为成员函数  
istream& operator>>(istream& input, String& str)  
{  
	//不知道什么时候结束，改成cin.get
	//第三个参数是结束符
    //cin>>str.m_pBuff;
	cin.get(str.m_pBuff, str.size(), '\n');
    return input;  
}  
//流插入<<运算符重载，作为友元函数，不能作为成员函数  
ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, String& str)  
{  
	//cout是以‘\0’结束，这里不行
    //cout<<str.m_pBuff;
	for(int i = 0; i< str.length(); i++)
	{
		cout.put(str[i]);
	}
    return output;  
}  

/*bool String::operator==(const String& str)
{

}
bool String::compare(const String& str)
{

}*/

main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include"String.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	String str("Hello String!");
	cout<<str<<"  "<<str.size()<<"  "<<str.length()<<endl;

	String str2(10, 'a');
	cout<<str2<<endl;

	str2 = str;
	cout<<str2<<endl;

	String str3 = str2;
	cout<<str3<<endl;

	cout<<"size:"<<str3.size()<<",length:"<<str3.length()<<endl;

	str3+="kdfsflskdjf";
	cout<<str3<<endl;

	return 0;
}