import netCDF4 as nc
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
from cartopy.io import shapereader
#读取nc数据文件
fi_u_name = r'D:\ERA5\u_component_of_wind\700\2024040100.nc'
fi_v_name = r'D:\ERA5\v_component_of_wind\700\2024040100.nc'
f_u = nc.Dataset(fi_u_name)
f_v = nc.Dataset(fi_v_name)
#查看数据信息
u_all_vars = f_u.variables.keys()#查看关键字
v_all_vars = f_v.variables.keys()
u_all_vars_info = f_u.variables.items()#查看关键字信息
v_all_vars_info = f_v.variables.items()
#获取lon,lat,u,v数据
lon = f_u.variables['longitude'][:]#读取经度数据
lat = f_v.variables['latitude'][:]#读取维度数据
v_data = f_v.variables['v'][:]#读取v分量
u_data = f_u.variables['u'][:]#读取u分量
#数据降维
data = np.array(v_data)
v_data = data.reshape(36,51)
data = np.array(u_data)
u_data = data.reshape(36,51)
#截取经度:110-120,维度:21-31范围的数据
v_data = v_data[0:15,16:31]
u_data = u_data[0:15,16:31]
lon = lon[16:31]
lat = lat[0:15]
#设置绘图坐标参数
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15,7))#设置画布大小
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())#添加子图,设置投影
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(106,122,2),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())#设置x轴标签
xticks_str = ['106','108','110','112','114','116','118','120°E']
ax.set_xticklabels(xticks_str,fontsize=20)
ax.set_xlim(left=106)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(21,37,2),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())#设置y轴标签
yticks_str = ['21 ','23 ','25 ','27 ','29 ','31 ','33 ','35°N']
ax.set_yticklabels(yticks_str,fontsize=20)
ax.set_ylim(bottom=21)
#绘制风杆
ax.barbs(lon,lat,u_data,v_data,
barbcolor=['k'],
linewidth=0.5,
length=5,
barb_increments={'half':2,'full':4,'flag':20},
zorder=5)
#绘制急流区 speed>=12
w_speed = np.sqrt(u_data*u_data+v_data*v_data)#计算风速
w_speed_region = np.where(w_speed>=12,w_speed,0)#筛选区域
cf_rh = ax.contourf(lon,lat,w_speed_region,cmap='gray_r',extend='both')
#绘制地图底图
shp_path = r'D:\ERA5\shp\中国\中国.shp'
reader = shapereader.Reader(shp_path)
for record in reader.records():
ax.add_geometries([record.geometry],ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none')
#绘制colorbar
position = fig.add_axes([0.70,0.3,0.01,0.4])
cb = fig.colorbar(cf_rh,cax=position,orientation='vertical')
font = {'family' : 'serif',
'color' : 'k',
'weight' : 'normal',
'size' : 11,
}
cb.set_label(' m/s',rotation=360,fontdict=font)
plt.show()