python netCDF4 读取nc 文件，matplotlib cartopy绘制区域风场及急流区域图

 

import netCDF4 as nc
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
from cartopy.io import shapereader

#读取nc数据文件
fi_u_name = r'D:\ERA5\u_component_of_wind\700\2024040100.nc'
fi_v_name = r'D:\ERA5\v_component_of_wind\700\2024040100.nc'
f_u = nc.Dataset(fi_u_name)
f_v = nc.Dataset(fi_v_name)

#查看数据信息
u_all_vars = f_u.variables.keys()#查看关键字
v_all_vars = f_v.variables.keys()
u_all_vars_info = f_u.variables.items()#查看关键字信息
v_all_vars_info = f_v.variables.items()

#获取lon,lat,u,v数据
lon = f_u.variables['longitude'][:]#读取经度数据
lat = f_v.variables['latitude'][:]#读取维度数据
v_data = f_v.variables['v'][:]#读取v分量
u_data = f_u.variables['u'][:]#读取u分量

#数据降维
data = np.array(v_data)
v_data = data.reshape(36,51)
data = np.array(u_data)
u_data = data.reshape(36,51)

#截取经度：110-120，维度：21-31范围的数据
v_data = v_data[0:15,16:31]
u_data = u_data[0:15,16:31]
lon = lon[16:31]
lat = lat[0:15]

#设置绘图坐标参数
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15,7))#设置画布大小
ax = fig.add_subplot(111,projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())#添加子图，设置投影
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(106,122,2),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())#设置x轴标签
xticks_str = ['106','108','110','112','114','116','118','120°E']
ax.set_xticklabels(xticks_str,fontsize=20)
ax.set_xlim(left=106)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(21,37,2),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())#设置y轴标签
yticks_str = ['21  ','23  ','25  ','27  ','29  ','31  ','33  ','35°N']
ax.set_yticklabels(yticks_str,fontsize=20)
ax.set_ylim(bottom=21)

#绘制风杆
ax.barbs(lon,lat,u_data,v_data,
         barbcolor=['k'],
         linewidth=0.5,
         length=5,
         barb_increments={'half':2,'full':4,'flag':20},
         zorder=5)

#绘制急流区 speed>=12
w_speed = np.sqrt(u_data*u_data+v_data*v_data)#计算风速
w_speed_region = np.where(w_speed>=12,w_speed,0)#筛选区域
cf_rh = ax.contourf(lon,lat,w_speed_region,cmap='gray_r',extend='both')

#绘制地图底图
shp_path = r'D:\ERA5\shp\中国\中国.shp'
reader = shapereader.Reader(shp_path)
for record in reader.records():
    ax.add_geometries([record.geometry],ccrs.PlateCarree(),facecolor='none')
    
#绘制colorbar
position = fig.add_axes([0.70,0.3,0.01,0.4])
cb = fig.colorbar(cf_rh,cax=position,orientation='vertical')
font = {'family' : 'serif',
        'color'  : 'k',
        'weight' : 'normal',
        'size'   : 11,
        }
cb.set_label('    m/s',rotation=360,fontdict=font)

plt.show()