消息中间件|第一篇:rabbitmq-安装及简单使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 09:45:21 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-22 09:45:21 发布

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分类专栏：消息中间件文章标签：消息中间件 rabbitmq

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37317845/article/details/100581013

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1.Rabbitmq安装(Docker)

拉取镜像并启动

# 注意，如果想使用rabbitmq管理平台，则需拉取带有management的tag
$ docker pull rabbitmq:3.8-rc-management-alpine
# 指定端口映射
$ docker run -d -p 5671:5671 -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -p 15671:15671 -p 25672:25672 -v /data/rabbitmq-data/:/var/rabbitmq/lib --name rabbitmq rabbitmq:3.8-rc-management-alpine

通过管理平台配置rabbitmq

(1)浏览器键入http://localhost:15672,输出账户名密码，默认均为guest

(2)新增用户:下图展示新增用户步骤，选择新增用户->输入用户名密码->增加用户权限即可

(3)配置虚拟主机:通过虚拟主机进行消息隔离，只有相同的虚拟主机中才能获取所需数据

在这里插入图片描述

2.原生方式使用rabbitmq模式介绍

rabbitmq一共包含如下几种模式，下边对每种模式进行案例演示。

创建项目，引入依赖，书写基础代码

 <dependencies>
 <dependency>
 <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
 <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
 <version>5.6.0</version>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies>

 public class ConnectUtils {
 
     public static Connection getConnect() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
         ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
         factory.setHost("localhost");
         factory.setPort(5672);
         factory.setUsername("admin");
         factory.setPassword("admin");
         factory.setVirtualHost("basic-rabbit");
         Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
         return connection;
     }
 }

直连模式

直连模式，生产者直接将消息发送至消息队列，消费者直接从消息队列中取出消息

[外链图片转存失败(img-BPJIxA3i-1567756591326)(/home/zycao/.config/Typora/typora-user-images/1567583749795.png)]

消息提供方代码:

public class BasicSender {

   private static final String BASIC_QUEUE = "basic_queue";
   private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicSender.class);

   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
       Connection conn = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
       Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
       channel.queueDeclare(BASIC_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);
       String msg = "hello rabbit";
       channel.basicPublish("", BASIC_QUEUE, null, msg.getBytes());
       logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
   }
}

说明:

1.channel:所有消息的发送都是通过channel

2.channel.queueDeclare()参数:声明队列。

第一个参数：队列名,

第二个参数：是否持久化,

第三个参数：表示消息是否独占

第四个参数:指消息发送完成，就将消息从队列中删除

第五个参数:构造队列中参数

消息接收方代码:

public class BasicReceiv {

   private static final String BASIC_QUEUE = "basic_queue";
   private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicSender.class);

   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
       Connection conn = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
       Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
       channel.queueDeclare(BASIC_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);
       DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
           @Override
           public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                      Envelope envelope,
                                      BasicProperties properties,
                                      byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
               String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
               logger.info("收到消息=> " + msg);
           }
       };
       channel.basicConsume(BASIC_QUEUE, true,"",defaultConsumer);
   }
}

说明:

channel.basicConsume():第二个参数表示是否自动确认消息，如果为true表示自动确认消息，即消息发送完成就删除，如果设置为false,则需手动处理确认，在后续代码中会讲解

工作队列模式

指一个消息生产端发送消息，两个消费端消费消息，那么两个消费端将轮询消费消息，代码依然使用直连模式代码，启动两个消费都和一个生产者，生产者生产消息，两个消费者轮训消费消息

[外链图片转存失败(img-uGgXrD1m-1567756591326)(/home/zycao/.config/Typora/typora-user-images/1567585608992.png)]

fanout模式

消息提供者将消息发送至exchange,交换机根据路由键匹配至具体的队列中，在fanout模式中没有路由键的概念，即会将消息分别投递给订阅了该交换机的消费者

发送端代码:

public class FanoutSender {

   private static final String FANOUT_QUEUE = "fanout_queue";
   private static final String EXCHANGE_FANOUT = "exchange_fanout";

   private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FanoutSender.class);

   public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
       Connection conn = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
       Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
       channel.queueDeclare(FANOUT_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);
       channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_FANOUT, "fanout");
       String msg = "hello rabbit";
       channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_FANOUT, "", null, msg.getBytes());
       logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
       channel.close();
       conn.close();
   }
}

说明:通过channel.exchangeDeclare('exchange_name','fanout'),fanout：交换机模式,消息发送端将消息发送至交换机中

接收端代码

public class FanoutReceiv {

 private static final String FANOUT_QUEUE = "fanout_queue";
 private static final String EXCHANGE_FANOUT = "exchange_fanout";
 private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicSender.class);

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
   Connection conn = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
   Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
   channel.queueDeclare(FANOUT_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);
   channel.queueBind(FANOUT_QUEUE, EXCHANGE_FANOUT, "");
   DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
     @Override
     public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
         Envelope envelope,
         BasicProperties properties,
         byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
       String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
       logger.info("收到消息=> " + msg);
     }
   };
   channel.basicConsume(FANOUT_QUEUE, true, "", defaultConsumer);
 }
}

说明:

1.消息接收者声明通道,声明的交换机与发送端交换机名字相同

2.通过channel.queueBind()将接收端与交换机绑定，接收端将消息从交换机中读取至队列中

Routing模式

根据不同的路由键，将消息从交换机路由至指定的消息队列中

在这里插入图片描述
发送端代码

public class RoutingSender {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_DIRECT = "exchange_direct";
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "apple";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建连接
        Connection connect = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
        Channel channel = connect.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, "direct");
        //消息定义
        String msg = "hello rabbit --apple";
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
        //关闭连接
        channel.close();
        connect.close();
    }
}

接收端代码

public class RoutingReceiv {

    private static final String QUEUE_APPLIE = "queue_apple";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_DIRECT = "exchange_direct";
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "apple";
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicSender.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection conn = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_APPLIE, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_APPLIE, EXCHANGE_DIRECT, ROUTING_KEY);
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                       Envelope envelope,
                                       BasicProperties properties,
                                       byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
                String msg = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                logger.info("收到消息=> " + msg);
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_APPLIE, true, "", defaultConsumer);
    }
}

说明:只接收routing_key为apple的消息

Topic模式

topic模式，会根据通配符进行路由匹配，*:表示匹配一个,#:表示匹配多个，其它操作与Routing模式相同，在此就不做代码演示

在这里插入图片描述

3.确认机制

事务

当发生端后续代码出现问题时，可以通过事务控制，而回滚消息,主要api如下
channel.txSelect():开启事务

channel.txRollback():回滚事务

channel.txCommit():提交事务

发送端代码:

public class RoutingSender {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_DIRECT = "exchange_direct";
    private static final String ROUTING_KEY = "apple";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //创建连接
        Connection connect = ConnectUtils.getConnect();
        Channel channel = connect.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, "direct");
        //消息定义
        String msg = "hello rabbit --apple";
        try{
            channel.txSelect();
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
            channel.txCommit();
        }catch (Exception e){
            channel.txRollback();
        }
        int i=1/0;
        //关闭连接
        channel.close();
        connect.close();
    }
}

说明:

1.如果没有事务控制，则在发送端后续代码出现问题时，发送端依然能将消息发送成功，且消费端能消费消息

2.使用事务控制，效率不高

确认模式

确认模式与事务类型，有如下几个api
channel.confirmSelect():开启发送方确认

channel.waitForConfirms():普通发送方确认模式

channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie():批量确认模式

channel.addConfirmListener():异步监听发送方确认模式

(1)普通发送方确认模式

channel.confirmSelect();
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
if(channel.waitForConfirms()){
    System.out.println("消息发送成功");
}

(2)批量确认模式

 channel.confirmSelect();
 for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
     channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
 }
 channel.waitForConfirmsOrDie();

(3)异步confirm模式

channel.confirmSelect();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
    channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, ROUTING_KEY, null, msg.getBytes());
}
channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
    @Override
    public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("未确认消息:"+deliveryTag);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("收到消息:"+deliveryTag);
    }
});

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消息中间件|第一篇:rabbitmq-安装及简单使用

目录1.Rabbitmq安装(Docker)2.原生方式使用rabbitmq模式介绍3.确认机制3.原生方式使用rabbitmq模式介绍1.Rabbitmq安装(Docker)拉取镜像并启动# 注意，如果想使用rabbitmq管理平台，则需拉取带有management的tag$ docker pull rabbitmq:3.8-rc-management-alpine# 指定端口映射...
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