进程间基于文件系统通信

简单抢票模拟：开启多个进程对一个文件进行读写，错误版：

import json
import os
from multiprocessing import Process
import time
import random

def select():
    time.sleep(random.randint(0, 2))
    with open('w.txt',encoding='utf8') as f1:
        dic  = json.load(f1)
        print(f"当前票数剩余{dic['aaa']}张")
        if dic['aaa'] > 0:
            pay()
        else:
            print('没有余票，暂时不能购买')

def pay():
    with open('w.txt',encoding='utf8') as f2:
        dic = json.load(f2)
        dic['aaa'] -= 1
        time.sleep(random.randint(0, 3))
        with open('w.txt','w',encoding='utf8') as f2:
            json.dump(dic,f2)

            print(f'{os.getpid()}已经购买成功')

def task():
    select()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(6):
        p = Process(target=task)
        p.start()

这种程序多个进程同时对一个文件进行读写，本来是剩余1张票，多个进程看到的都是1张票，都能进程购买，但是实际上只有一个人能进行购买。
所以必须购买必须得串行购买才行。
给购买环节加锁，正确版：

import json
import os
from multiprocessing import Process
from multiprocessing import Lock
import time
import random

def select():
    time.sleep(random.randint(0, 2))
    with open('w.txt',encoding='utf8') as f1:
        dic  = json.load(f1)
        print(f"当前票数剩余{dic['aaa']}张")


def pay():
    with open('w.txt', encoding='utf8') as f2:
        dic = json.load(f2)
        if dic['aaa'] > 0:
            dic['aaa'] -= 1
            time.sleep(random.randint(0, 3))
            with open('w.txt', 'w', encoding='utf8') as f2:
                json.dump(dic, f2)
                print(f'{os.getpid()}已经购买成功')
        else:
            print('没有余票，暂时不能购买')



def task(lock):
    select()
    lock.acquire()   #加锁
    pay()
    lock.release()   #释放锁
if __name__ == '__main__':
    mutex = Lock()
    for i in range(6):
        p = Process(target=task,args=(mutex,))
        p.start()

基于文件得进程通信，虽然多进程在内存中是相互隔离的，但是多个进程都可以对文件进行操作。不过这样相对来说效率低，然后就是业务复杂的时候容易出现死锁。