1042.Shuffling Machine-PAT甲级真题

Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards. Because standard shuffling techniques are seen as weak, and in order to avoid “inside jobs” where employees collaborate with gamblers by performing inadequate shuffles, many casinos employ automatic shuffling machines. Your task is to simulate a shuffling machine.
The machine shuffles a deck of 54 cards according to a given random order and repeats for a given number of times. It is assumed that the initial status of a card deck is in the following order:

S1, S2, ..., S13, 
H1, H2, ..., H13, 
C1, C2, ..., C13, 
D1, D2, ..., D13, 
J1, J2

where “S” stands for “Spade”, “H” for “Heart”, “C” for “Club”, “D” for “Diamond”, and “J” for “Joker”. A given order is a permutation of distinct integers in [1, 54]. If the number at the i-th position is j, it means to move the card from position i to position j. For example, suppose we only have 5 cards: S3, H5, C1, D13 and J2. Given a shuffling order {4, 2, 5, 3, 1}, the result will be: J2, H5, D13, S3, C1. If we are to repeat the shuffling again, the result will be: C1, H5, S3, J2, D13.

输入格式：

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains a positive integer K (≤20) which is the number of repeat times. Then the next line contains the given order. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

输出格式：

For each test case, print the shuffling results in one line. All the cards are separated by a space, and there must be no extra space at the end of the line.

输入样例：

2
36 52 37 38 3 39 40 53 54 41 11 12 13 42 43 44 2 4 23 24 25 26 27 6 7 8 48 49 50 51 9 10 14 15 16 5 17 18 19 1 20 21 22 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 45 46 47

输出样例：

S7 C11 C10 C12 S1 H7 H8 H9 D8 D9 S11 S12 S13 D10 D11 D12 S3 S4 S6 S10 H1 H2 C13 D2 D3 D4 H6 H3 D13 J1 J2 C1 C2 C3 C4 D1 S5 H5 H11 H12 C6 C7 C8 C9 S2 S8 S9 H10 D5 D6 D7 H4 H13 C5

解题思路：

本题没有限定空间复杂度，因此可以采用空间换时间的方法
1.创建四个数组: 花色字符数组suits[5]，初始编号数组init_arr[54]，混排序列整型数组next[54]，混排后的数组shuffled_arr[54]；
2.初始化init_arr[i] = i，从屏幕将混排序列读入next；
3.遍历next数组，将init_arr[i] 放入 shuffled_arr[next[i] - 1]；
4.用shuffled_arr更新init_arr，以进行下次混排。

#include <cstdio>
const int N = 54;
char suits[5] = {'S', 'H', 'C', 'D', 'J'};
int init_arr[N], next[N], shuffled_arr[N];

int main() {
	int K;
	scanf("%d", &K);
	for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		init_arr[i] = i;
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		scanf("%d", &next[i]);
	}
	for(int step = 0; step < K; step++) {
		for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			shuffled_arr[next[i] - 1] = init_arr[i];
		}
		for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			init_arr[i] = shuffled_arr[i];
		}
	}
	for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		printf("%c%d", suits[init_arr[i] / 13], init_arr[i] % 13 + 1);
		if (i != N - 1) printf(" ");
	}
	return 0;
}