Python继承、重写、封装的例子
包括三个文件 父类dog.py 子类husty.py 运行类main.py
父类dog.py :
class Dog(object):
__slots__ = ('__name', '__kind', '__level')#私有化
def __init__(self,name,kind,level):#构造函数,定义属性和初始方法
self.__name=name
self.__kind=kind
self.__level=level#赋值
print(f"This is a {self.__kind} dog called {self.__name} with level {self.__level}")
def run(self):#定义类中的方法
print(f"{self.__name} is now running!")
def roll_over(self):
print(f"{self.__name} is now rolling over!")
def change_level(self):
self.__level+=1#修改类中属性的值
print(f"The level of {self.__name} is now {self.__level}")
子类husty.py
from Zoo.Dog import Dog#导包
class Husty(Dog):
def __init__(self,name,kind,level):#构造函数子类继承父类的
super(Husty,self).__init__(name,kind,level)
def roll_over(self):#子类重写父类的方法
print("Wow!")
def add(self):#子类自己写的方法
self.step=30#父类的slot对子类无作用,子类可以新建属性
print(f"The dog`s step is {self.step}")
Main
from Zoo.Husty import Husty
from Zoo.Dog import Dog
hst=Husty("Bob","Small",2)#husty的一个实例
dg=Dog("Amy","Big",3)#dog的一个实例
hst.run()
hst.change_level()#调用两个Dog类中的函数
#子类重写了roll over方法,两次调用结果不同
hst.roll_over()
dg.roll_over()
#hst调用husty中独有的add函数
hst.add()
运行结果:
This is a Small dog called Bob with level 2
This is a Big dog called Amy with level 3
Bob is now running!
The level of Bob is now 3
Wow!
Amy is now rolling over!
The dog`s step is 30