一:CyclicBarrier的工作原理
CyclicBarrier 和 CountDownLatch 非常类似,它也可以实现线程间的技术等待,但是它的功能比 CountDownLatch 更加复杂和强大。主要应用场景和 CountDownLatch 类似。
CyclicBarrier 的字面意思是可循环使用(Cyclic)的屏障(Barrier)。它要做的事情是,让一组线程到达一个屏障(也可以叫同步点)时被阻塞,直到最后一个线程到达屏障时,屏障才会开门,所有被屏障拦截的线程才会继续干活。CyclicBarrier默认的构造方法是 CyclicBarrier(int parties)
,其参数表示屏障拦截的线程数量,每个线程调用await
方法告诉 CyclicBarrier 我已经到达了屏障,然后当前线程被阻塞。
构造函数:
cyclicBarrier.await(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); //时间不能设置的太小,不然会报错
private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)核心方法如下:
/**
* Main barrier code, covering the various policies.
*/
private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
TimeoutException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
final Generation g = generation;
if (g.broken)
throw new BrokenBarrierException();
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
breakBarrier();
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int index = --count;
if (index == 0) { // tripped
boolean ranAction = false;
try {
final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
if (command != null)
command.run();
ranAction = true;
nextGeneration();
return 0;
} finally {
if (!ranAction)
breakBarrier();
}
}
// loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out
for (;;) {
try {
if (!timed)
trip.await();
else if (nanos > 0L)
nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
breakBarrier();
throw ie;
} else {
// We're about to finish waiting even if we had not
// been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to
// "belong" to subsequent execution.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
if (g.broken)
throw new BrokenBarrierException();
if (g != generation)
return index;
if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
breakBarrier();
throw new TimeoutException();
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
1:CyclicBarrier的使用场景
CyclicBarrier 可以用于多线程计算数据,最后合并计算结果的应用场景。比如我们用一个Excel保存了用户所有银行流水,每个Sheet保存一个帐户近一年的每笔银行流水,现在需要统计用户的日均银行流水,先用多线程处理每个sheet里的银行流水,都执行完之后,得到每个sheet的日均银行流水,最后,再用barrierAction用这些线程的计算结果,计算出整个Excel的日均银行流水。
二:CyclicBarrier的使用实例
package com.github.springbootdemo.demo;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class CyclicBarrierExample {
//请求的数量
private static final int threatCount = 550;
//需要同步的线程数量
private static final CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(5);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建固定数量的线程池
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
for(int i=0;i<threatCount;i++){
final int threadNum = i;
Thread.sleep(1000);
threadPool.execute(()->{
try {
test(threadNum);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
//关闭线程
threadPool.shutdown();
}
public static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception{
System.out.println("threadNum:" + threadNum + "is ready");
try {
cyclicBarrier.await(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); //时间不能设置的太小,不然会报错
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("threadNum:" + threadNum + "is finish");
}
}
运行结果如下:
threadNum:0is ready
threadNum:1is ready
threadNum:2is ready
threadNum:3is ready
threadNum:4is ready
threadNum:4is finish
threadNum:0is finish
threadNum:1is finish
threadNum:3is finish
threadNum:2is finish
threadNum:5is ready
threadNum:6is ready
三:CyclicBarrier和CountDownLatch的区别
CountDownLatch是计数器,只能使用一次,而CyclicBarrier的计数器提供reset功能,可以多次使用。
CountDownLatch是计数器,线程完成一个记录一个,只不过计数不是递增而是递减,而CyclicBarrier更像是一个阀门,需要所有线程都到达,阀门才能打开,然后继续执行。