Python编程从入门到实践（三）-操作列表

1 遍历整个列表
假设我们有一个魔术师名单，下面使用for循环来打印魔术师名单中的所有名字：

#magicians.py
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
    print(magician)

输出：
alice
david
carolina
1.1 
编写for循环时，对于用于存储列表中每个值的临时变量，可指定任何名称。然而，选择描述单个列表元素的有意义的名称大有帮助。例如，对于小猫列表、小狗列表和一般性列表，像下面这样编写for循环的第一行代码是不错的选择：
for cat in cats:
for dog in dogs:
for item in list_of_items:
这些命名约定有助于你明白for循环中将对每个元素执行的操作。使用单数和复数式名称，可帮助你判断代码段处理的是单个列表元素还是整个列表。
1.2 在for循环中执行更多的操作
下面来扩展前面的示例，对于每位魔术师，都打印一条消息，指出他的表演太精彩了。

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
  print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick! ")

输出：
Alice, that was a great trick!
David, that was a great trick!
Carolina, that was a great trick!
在for循环中，想包含多少行代码都可以。在代码行for magician in magicians后面，每个缩进的代码行都是循环的一部分，且将针对列表中的每个值都执行一次。因此，可对列表中的每个值执行任意次数的操作。
下面再添加一行代码，告诉每位魔术师，我们期待他的下一次表演：  

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians:
  print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick! ")
  print("I can't wait to see your next trick, " + magician.title() + ".\n")

输出：
Alice, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick, Alice.
David, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick, David.
Carolina, that was a great trick!
I can't wait to see your next trick, Carolina.
1.3 在for循环结束后执行一些操作