20.结构型 - 装饰模式 （Decorator）

1.定义

• 动态的扩展对象功能（继承关系的替代方案之一）

2.UML类图

• 角色介绍
  AbstractComponent : 抽象组件类
  ConcreteComponent : 具体组建类，需要装饰的对象
  AbstractDecorator : 抽象装饰者
  ConcreteDecoratorA : 具体装饰者A
  ConcreteDecoratorB : 具体装饰者B
• 要点说明
  有代理模式的影子，并在此基础上还增加了逻辑描述
  动态的扩展ConcreteComponent的功能

3.UML示例代码

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2016-2020
 * FileName: AbstractComponent
 * Author: wei.zheng
 * Date: 2020/1/6 9:19
 * Description: 抽象组件类
 */
public abstract class AbstractComponent {
    public abstract void operate();
}

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2016-2020
 * FileName: ConcreteComponent
 * Author: wei.zheng
 * Date: 2020/1/6 9:20
 * Description: 组件具体实现类
 */
public class ConcreteComponent extends AbstractComponent {
    @Override
    public void operate() {
        System.out.println("Base operate.");
    }
}

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2016-2020
 * FileName: AbstractDecorator
 * Author: wei.zheng
 * Date: 2020/1/6 9:21
 * Description: 抽象装饰者类
 */
public abstract class AbstractDecorator extends AbstractComponent {
    private AbstractComponent component;

    public AbstractDecorator(AbstractComponent component) {
        this.component = component;
    }

    @Override
    public void operate() {
        component.operate();
    }
}

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2016-2020
 * FileName: ConcreteDecoratorA
 * Author: wei.zheng
 * Date: 2020/1/6 9:23
 * Description: 装饰者具体实现类A, 扩展operate方法，添加了自己的私有方法
 */
public class ConcreteDecoratorA extends AbstractDecorator {
    public ConcreteDecoratorA(AbstractComponent component) {
        super(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void operate() {
        super.operate();
        operateA();
    }

    private void operateA() {
        System.out.println("DecoratorA operator.");
    }
}

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2016-2020
 * FileName: ConcreteDecoratorB
 * Author: wei.zheng
 * Date: 2020/1/6 9:24
 * Description: 装饰者具体实现类B
 */
public class ConcreteDecoratorB extends AbstractDecorator {
    public ConcreteDecoratorB(AbstractComponent component) {
        super(component);
    }

    @Override
    public void operate() {
        super.operate();
        operateB();
    }

    private void operateB() {
        System.out.println("DecoratorB operator.");
    }
}

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2016-2020
 * FileName: Client
 * Author: wei.zheng
 * Date: 2020/1/6 9:25
 * Description: 装饰者模式用户类
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AbstractComponent component = new ConcreteComponent();

        AbstractDecorator decoratorA = new ConcreteDecoratorA(component);
        decoratorA.operate();

        AbstractDecorator decoratorB = new ConcreteDecoratorB(component);
        decoratorB.operate();
    }
}

// 运行结果，ConcreteDecoratorA 与 ConcreteDecoratorB 均扩展了各自的operate方法
2020-01-07 08:47:22.568 9763-9763/? I/System.out: Base operate.
2020-01-07 08:47:22.568 9763-9763/? I/System.out: DecoratorA operator.
2020-01-07 08:47:22.568 9763-9763/? I/System.out: Base operate.
2020-01-07 08:47:22.568 9763-9763/? I/System.out: DecoratorB operator.

4.总结

Decorator Pattern 与 Proxy Pattern，二者有类似的地方，但是也要注意它们的区别：
代理模式 : 用代理对象间接的控制 Adaptee（被代理）对象，并没有扩展Adaptee的功能
装饰模式 : 抽象装饰器类代理抽象组件类，具体装饰器继承抽象装饰器实现动态扩展功能