KNN算法实战之糖尿病预测

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 14:41:02 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-01-31 14:41:02 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37587948/article/details/106556952
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这篇博客探讨了KNN（K-Nearest Neighbors）算法在糖尿病预测问题中的实战应用。通过分析768条数据，每条包含8个特征，以及最终的1个预测目标，作者详细阐述了如何利用KNN算法进行预测。参考了多个在线资源，包括博客和知乎文章，以深入理解并实施该算法。
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#导入库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

#读取数据，数据下载链接https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/pima-indians-diabetes-database/data?select=diabetes.csv
data = pd.read_csv('datasets_228_482_diabetes.csv')
data.head()
Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age Outcome
0 6 148 72 35 0 33.6 0.627 50 1
1 1 85 66 29 0 26.6 0.351 31 0
2 8 183 64 0 0 23.3 0.672 32 1
3 1 89 66 23 94 28.1 0.167 21 0
4 0 137 40 35 168 43.1 2.288 33 1 
#划分特征属性x，和目标属性y
x = data.iloc[:,0:8]
x
Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age
0 6 148 72 35 0 33.6 0.627 50
1 1 85 66 29 0 26.6 0.351 31
2 8 183 64 0 0 23.3 0.672 32
3 1 89 66 23 94 28.1 0.167 21
4 0 137 40 35 168 43.1 2.288 33
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
763 10 101 76 48 180 32.9 0.171 63
764 2 122 70 27 0 36.8 0.340 27
765 5 121 72 23 112 26.2 0.245 30
766 1 126 60 0 0 30.1 0.349 47
767 1 93 70 31 0 30.4 0.315 23

768 rows × 8 columns

y = data.iloc[:, [8]]
y
Outcome
0 1
1 0
2 1
3 0
4 1
... ...
763 0
764 0
765 0
766 1
767 0

768 rows × 1 columns

#特征归一化
x = (x-np.min(x))/(np.max(x)-np.min(x))
x
Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age
0 0.352941 0.743719 0.590164 0.353535 0.000000 0.500745 0.234415 0.483333
1 0.058824 0.427136 0.540984 0.292929 0.000000 0.396423 0.116567 0.166667
2 0.470588 0.919598 0.524590 0.000000 0.000000 0.347243 0.253629 0.183333
3 0.058824 0.447236 0.540984 0.232323 0.111111 0.418778 0.038002 0.000000
4 0.000000 0.688442 0.327869 0.353535 0.198582 0.642325 0.943638 0.200000
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
763 0.588235 0.507538 0.622951 0.484848 0.212766 0.490313 0.039710 0.700000
764 0.117647 0.613065 0.573770 0.272727 0.000000 0.548435 0.111870 0.100000
765 0.294118 0.608040 0.590164 0.232323 0.132388 0.390462 0.071307 0.150000
766 0.058824 0.633166 0.491803 0.000000 0.000000 0.448584 0.115713 0.433333
767 0.058824 0.467337 0.573770 0.313131 0.000000 0.453055 0.101196 0.033333

768 rows × 8 columns

#划分数据集
xtrain, xtest, ytrain, ytest = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.25, random_state=42)

#模型建立
clf = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
clf.fit(xtrain, ytrain)

C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\ipykernel_launcher.py:3: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  This is separate from the ipykernel package so we can avoid doing imports until





KNeighborsClassifier(algorithm='auto', leaf_size=30, metric='minkowski',
                     metric_params=None, n_jobs=None, n_neighbors=3, p=2,
                     weights='uniform')

accuracy = clf.score(xtest, ytest)
accuracy

0.6875

#参数调优
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
n_neighbors = list(range(1,10))
weight_options = ['uniform','distance']
algorithm_options = ['auto','ball_tree','kd_tree','brute']
param_grid = dict(n_neighbors = n_neighbors,weights = weight_options,algorithm=algorithm_options)
gridKNN = GridSearchCV(clf,param_grid,cv=5,scoring='accuracy',verbose=1)
gridKNN.fit(xtrain,ytrain)
gridKNN.best_params_

Fitting 5 folds for each of 72 candidates, totalling 360 fits


[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Using backend SequentialBackend with 1 concurrent workers.
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X_train, y_train, **fit_params)
C:\Users\Qin\.conda\envs\ZeroEnv\lib\site-packages\sklearn\model_selection\_validation.py:515: DataConversionWarning: A column-vector y was passed when a 1d array was expected. Please change the shape of y to (n_samples, ), for example using ravel().
  estimator.fit(X
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jgzquanquan的博客
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关于朴素贝叶斯算法 在本教程中，您将学习Naive Bayes算法，包括它的工作原理以及如何在Python中从头开始实现它。 朴素贝叶斯算法是一种直观的方法，它使用属于每个类的每个属性的概率来进行预测。 如果您想要概率性地建模预测建模问题，那么您将提出监督学习方法。 朴素贝叶斯通过假设属于给定类值的每个属性的概率独立于所有其他属性来简化概率的计算。 这是一个强有力的假设，但会产生一种快速有效的方法...
scikit-learn KNN实现糖尿病预测
szfhy的博客
09-13 5446
随书代码，阅读笔记。 KNN是一种有监督的机器学习算法，可以解决分类问题，也可以解决回归问题。 算法优点：准确性高，对异常值和噪声有较高的容忍度； 算法缺点：计算量大，内存消耗也比较大。 针对算法计算量大，有一些改进的数据结构，避免重复计算K-D Tree， Ball Tree。 算法变种：根据邻居的距离，分配不同权重。另外一个变种是指定半径。 KNN进行分类 %matplotlib...
糖尿病风险分析及预测
weixin_74118031的博客
07-12 6652
糖尿病风险分析及预测，模型搭建使用了多重线性回归、XGBoost回归预测、随机森林等方法。
Python KNN k-邻近算法 手动实现及分析 分类、回归、糖尿病预测实战
Rp的博客
08-29 2641
Python KNN k-邻近算法 算法原理 \qquad k-邻近算法的核心思想是未标记样本的类别，由距离其最近的k个邻近投票来决定。 \qquad 假设，我们有一个已经标记的数据集，即已经知道了数据集中每个样本所属的类别。此外，有一个未标记的数据样本，我们的任务是预测出这个数据样本所属的类别。k-邻近算法的原理是，计算待标记的数据样本和数据集中每个样本的距离，取距离最近的k个样本。待标记的数据...
Python课程设计项目-基于机器学习的糖尿病风险预警分析系统
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赖床分子的博客
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这个东西是我大二时候做的，做的挺一般的，当时也没想着搭建界面啥的，测试的也不够，就是单纯的分享一下吧，我会把所有的代码和数据都放出来，不足之处大家多多指正!
基于knn算法的糖尿病预测
12-23
KNN算法是一种常用的分类算法，可以用于糖尿病预测。该算法基于实例的学习，通过计算新样本与已知样本的距离来进行分类预测。 首先，需要准备一定量的糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者的数据样本。每个样本包括多个特征，...
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