linux硬盘分区

dfisk分区命令

fdisk分区工具用来建立msdos分区方案，其交互模式中的主要指令如下：

m：列出指令帮助
p：查看当前的分区表信息
n：新建分区
d：删除分区
t：更改分区标识
q：放弃分区更改并退出
w：保存对分区表所做的更改
1.3 步骤

df查看硬盘挂载点命令

[root@room4pc09 桌面]# df
文件系统           1K-块     已用      可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2      476254208 40285720 411752988    9% / 
devtmpfs         1918956        0   1918956    0% /dev
tmpfs            1933460      144   1933316    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1933460     9188   1924272    1% /run
tmpfs            1933460        0   1933460    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0       3751022  3751022         0  100% /zhuhaiyan
/dev/sda1         198174   133593     50041   73% /boot
tmpfs             386692       12    386680    1% /run/user/0

查看硬盘命令lsblk

[root@room4pc09 桌面]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   500G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   204M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0 461.6G  0 part /
└─sda3   8:3    0     4G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
loop0    7:0    0   3.6G  0 loop /zhuhaiyan

步骤一：新建分区表

1.新建分区命令fdisk

[root@server0 ~]# fdisk  /dev/db1             //分区的硬盘

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9ac1bc10.
Command (m for help):                         //交互操作提示信息

Command (m for help): n                                  //新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p                                 //类型为p（主分区）
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1                     //分区编号1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):              //起始位置默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +200M  
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200 MiB is set      //结束位置+200MiB大小
Command (m for help): p                                  //确认当前分区表
.. ..
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048      411647      204800   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p                                 //类型为p（主分区）
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2                    //分区编号2
First sector (411648-20971519, default 411648):         //起始位置默认
Using default value 411648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (411648-20971519, default 20971519): +2000M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set       //结束位置+2000MiB大小
Command (m for help): p                                  //确认当前分区表
.. ..
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/vdb2          411648     4507647     2048000   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n     
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (4507648-20971519, default 4507648): 
Using default value 4507648
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4507648-20971519, default 20971519): +1000M
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1000 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p                                  //确认当前分区表
.. ..
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/vdb2          411648     4507647     2048000   83  Linux
/dev/vdb3         4507648     6555647     1024000   83  Linux

2.新建第3个分区/dev/vdb3

Command (m for help): t                                  //修改分区类型标识
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1                     //指定第1个分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e                 //类型改为8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p                                  //确认当前分区表
.. ..
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048      411647      204800   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2          411648     4507647     2048000   83  Linux
/dev/vdb3         4507648     6555647     1024000   83  Linux

3）调整分区类型标识（可选）

Command (m for help): t                                  //修改分区类型标识
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1                     //指定第1个分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e                 //类型改为8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p                                  //确认当前分区表
.. ..
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048      411647      204800   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2          411648     4507647     2048000   83  Linux
/dev/vdb3         4507648     6555647     1024000   83  Linux

4）保存分区更改，退出fdisk分区工具

Command (m for help): w                                  //保存并退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

5）刷新分区表

[root@server0 ~]# partprobe  /dev/vdb         //重新检测磁盘分区
//或者
[root@server0 ~]# reboot                     //对已使用中磁盘的分区调整，应该重启一次
.. .

步骤二：格式化及挂载分区

1）将分区/dev/vdb2格式化为EXT4文件系统

[root@server0 ~]# mkfs.ext4  /dev/vdb2
.. .. 
Allocating group tables: done  
Writing inode tables: done 
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

2）配置开机自动挂载

[root@server0 ~]# vim  /etc/fstab
.. ..
/dev/vdb2       /mnt/part2      ext4    defaults        0 0

3）创建挂载点，并验证挂载配置

[root@server0 ~]# mkdir  /mnt/part2                 //创建挂载点
[root@server0 ~]# mount  -a                         //挂载fstab中的可用设备
[root@server0 ~]# df  -hT  /mnt/part2/                 //检查文档所在的文件系统及设备
Filesystem     Type  Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vdb2      ext4  1.9G  5.9M  1.8G   1% /mnt/part2