【C#学习笔记】网络通信之P2P————（2020.8.3学习笔记）

目录

1:P2P设计模式简介
2:P2P设计模式实例

1:P2P设计模式简介

P2P技术属于覆盖层网络(Overlay Network)的范畴，是相对于客户机/服务器(C/S)模式来说的一种网络信息交换方式。在C/S模式中，数据的分发采用专门的服务器，多个客户端都从此服务器获取数据。

优点是：数据的一致性容易控制，系统也容易管理。

缺点是：因为服务器的个数只有一个(即便有多个也非常有限)，系统容易出现单一失效点；单一服务器面对众多的客户端，由于CPU能力、内存大小、网络带宽的限制，可同时服务的客户端非常有限，可扩展性差。

P2P技术正是为了解决这些问题而提出来的一种对等网络结构。在P2P网络中，每个节点既可以从其他节点得到服务，也可以向其他节点提供服务。这样，庞大的终端资源被利用起来，一举解决了C/S模式中的两个弊端。

P2P应用软件主要包括文件分发软件、语音服务软件、流媒体软件。目前P2P应用种类多、形式多样，没有统一的网络协议标准，其体系结构和组织形式也在不断发展。

2:P2P设计模式实例

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;

namespace P2PTest
{
    public partial class frmP2P : Form
    {
        private Thread myThread;
        private TcpListener tcpListener;
        private IPAddress myIPAddress;
        private int myPort;
        private System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch secondWatch;
        public frmP2P()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            secondWatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
            ColumnHeader ipColumn = new ColumnHeader();
            ipColumn.Text = "IP地址";
            ipColumn.Width = 140;
            ColumnHeader portColumn = new ColumnHeader();
            portColumn.Text = "端口号";
            ColumnHeader onlineColumn = new ColumnHeader();
            onlineColumn.Text = "是否在线";
            onlineColumn.Width = 70;
            lvMyFriend.View = View.Details;
            lvMyFriend.Columns.AddRange(new ColumnHeader[] { ipColumn,portColumn,onlineColumn});
        }

        private void frmP2P_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //启动秒表;
            secondWatch.Start();
            tmSecond.Enabled = true;
            btnStartTimer.Enabled = true;
            btnStopTimer.Enabled = false;
            //使用代理指定在线程上执行的方法
            ThreadStart myThreadStartDelegate = new ThreadStart(Listening);
            //创建一个用于监听的线程对象，通过代理执行线程中的方法
            myThread = new Thread(myThreadStartDelegate);
            //启动线程
            myThread.Start();
        }

        //该方法是通过代理调用执行
        private void Listening()
        {
            Socket socket = null;
            //获取本机第一个可用的IP地址
            myIPAddress = (IPAddress)Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName()).GetValue(0);
            Random r = new Random();
            while(true)
            {
                try
                {
                    //随机产生一个0~65535之间的端口号
                    myPort = r.Next(65535);
                    //创建TcpListner对象,在本机的IP和port端口监听连接到该IP和端口的请求
                    tcpListener = new TcpListener(myIPAddress, myPort);
                    //开始监听,如果不出现异常，则说明IP地址和端口号可用
                    tcpListener.Start();
                    //显示IP地址和端口
                    ShowLocalIpAndPort();
                    ShowMyMessage(string.Format("尝试端口{0}监听成功",myPort));
                    ShowMyMessage(string.Format("<message>[{0}]{1:h点m分s秒}开始在{2}端口监听与本机的连接",myIPAddress,DateTime.Now,myPort));
                    break;
                }
                catch
                {
                    //继续while循环，以便随机找下一个可用端口号，同时显示失败信息
                    ShowMyMessage(string.Format("尝试端口{0}监听失败",myPort));
                }
            }
            while(true)
            {
                try{
                    //使用阻塞方式接收客户端连接，根据连接信息创建TcpClient对象
                    //注意：AccpetSocet接收到新的连接请求才会继续执行其后的语句
                    socket = tcpListener.AcceptSocket();
                    //如果再往下执行，说明已经根据客户端连接请求创建了套接字
                    //使用创建的套接字接收客户端发送的信息
                    NetworkStream stream = new NetworkStream(socket);
                    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream);
                    string receiveMessage = sr.ReadLine();
                    int i1 = receiveMessage.IndexOf(",");
                    int i2 = receiveMessage.IndexOf(",",i1+1);
                    int i3 = receiveMessage.IndexOf(",",i2+1);
                    string ipString = receiveMessage.Substring(0,i1);
                    string portString = receiveMessage.Substring(i1+1,i2-i1-1);
                    string messageTypeString = receiveMessage.Substring(i2+1,i3-i2-1);
                    string messageString = receiveMessage.Substring(i3+1);
                    ShowMyMessage(ipString,portString,messageTypeString,messageString);
                }
                catch{
                    //通过停止TcpListener使AcceptSocket方法出现异常
                    //在异常处理中关闭套接字并终止线程
                    if (socket != null)
                    {
                        if (socket.Connected)
                        {
                            socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Receive);
                        }
                        socket.Close();
                    }
                    myThread.Abort();
                }
            }
        }
        delegate void ShowMessageDelegate(string str);
        private void ShowMyMessage(string str)
        {
            //比较调用的线程和创建的线程是否为同一个线程
            //如果不是，结果为ture
            if (this.lbMessage.InvokeRequired == true)
            {
                //如果结果为true,则自动通过代理执行eles中语句的功能
                //这里只需要传入参数str即可
                //但是执行的功能会始终与else中的指定的功能相同，区别仅是通过代理完成
                ShowMessageDelegate messageDelegate = new ShowMessageDelegate(ShowMyMessage);
                this.Invoke(messageDelegate,new object[]{str});
            }
            else{
                //在这里指定如果是同一个线程需要完成什么功能
                //如果是不同的线程，系统会自动通过代理实现这里指定的功能
                lbMessage.Items.Add(str);
            }
        }
        delegate void ShowMessageDelegate2(string ipString, string portString, string messageTypeString, string messageString);
        private void ShowMyMessage(string ipString, string portString, string messageTypeString, string messageString)
        {
            if (this.lbMessage.InvokeRequired == true)
            {
                ShowMessageDelegate2 messageDelegate = new ShowMessageDelegate2(ShowMyMessage);
                this.Invoke(messageDelegate,new object[]{ipString,portString ,messageTypeString,messageString});
            }
            else{
                //messageType的含义为
                //connect前缀：第1次连接
                //check前缀：检查接收者是否在线
                //message前缀：聊天信息
                int myfriendIndex = CheckMyFriend(ipString,portString);
                switch(messageTypeString)
                {
                    case "connect":
                        if (myfriendIndex == -1)
                        {
                            ListViewItem myFriendItem= new ListViewItem(new string[]{ipString,portString,"是"});
                            lvMyFriend.Items.Add(myFriendItem);
                        }
                        break;
                    case "check":
                        if (myfriendIndex == -1)
                        {
                            ListViewItem myFriendItem = new ListViewItem(new string[]{ipString,portString,"是"});
                            lvMyFriend.Items.Add(myFriendItem);
                        }
                        //不显要显示
                        break;
                    case "message":
                        lbMessage.Items.Add(string.Format("[{0}:{1}说：{2}",ipString,portString,messageString));
                        break;
                default :
                        lbMessage.Items.Add(string.Format("什么意思呀：“{0}”",messageString));
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        delegate void ShowIpAndPortDelegate();
        private void ShowLocalIpAndPort()
        {
            if (this.lbMessage.InvokeRequired)
            {
                ShowIpAndPortDelegate messageDelegate =
                    new ShowIpAndPortDelegate(ShowLocalIpAndPort);
                this.Invoke(messageDelegate);
            }
            else
            {
                txtLocalIp.Text = myIPAddress.ToString();
                txtLocalPort.Text = myPort.ToString();
            }
        }

        private int CheckMyFriend(string remoteIpString, string remotePortString)
        {
            //在lvMyFriend中检查指定的ip+port是否存在
            ListViewItem item = null;
            bool bExixts = false;
            for (int i = 0; i < lvMyFriend.Items.Count; i++)
            {
                item = lvMyFriend.Items[i];
                if (item.Text == remoteIpString)
                {
                    for (int j = 0; j < item.SubItems.Count; j++)
                    {
                        if (item.SubItems[j].Text == remotePortString)
                        {
                            bExixts = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (bExixts) break;
                }
            }
            if (!bExixts)
            {
                return -1;
            }
            else
            {
                return item.Index;
            }
        }

        private void SendMessage(string remoteIpString, string remotePortString, string strType, string str)
        {
            IPAddress remoteIP = IPAddress.Parse(remoteIpString);
            int remotePort = int.Parse(remotePortString);
            TcpClient tcpclient = null;
            NetworkStream networkstream = null;
            try
            {
                tcpclient = new TcpClient(remoteIpString, remotePort);
                //得到一个用于发送和接收数据的网络流
                networkstream = tcpclient.GetStream();
                //使用默认编码和缓冲区大小初始化StreamWrite对象
                StreamWriter streamWriter = new StreamWriter(networkstream);
                //使用回车换行为每次发送的分隔符
                streamWriter.WriteLine(string.Format("{0},{1},{2},{3}", myIPAddress, myPort, strType, str));
                //将缓冲区的内容全部发送出去
                streamWriter.Flush();
                if (strType != "check")
                {
                    lbMessage.Items.Add(string.Format("向{0}:{1}]发送成功,信息：{2}",remoteIpString,remotePortString,str));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception err)
            {
                int i = CheckMyFriend(remoteIpString,remotePortString);
                if (i != -1)
                {
                    lvMyFriend.Items[i].SubItems[2].Text = "否";
                }
                if (strType != "check")
                {
                    lbMessage.Items.Add(string.Format("向{0}:{1}]发送信息失败,原因：{2}",
                        remoteIpString,remotePortString,err.Message));
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                if (networkstream != null)
                {
                    networkstream.Close();
                }
                if (tcpclient != null)
                {
                    tcpclient.Close();
                } 
            }
        }

        private void btnAddFriend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            IPAddress myFriendIpAddress;
            if (IPAddress.TryParse(txtFriendIp.Text, out myFriendIpAddress) == false)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("IP地址不正确！");
                return;
            }
            int myFriendPort;
            if (int.TryParse(txtFriendPort.Text, out myFriendPort) == false)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("端口号格式不正确！");
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                if (myFriendPort < 1000 || myFriendPort > 65535)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("端口号范围不正确！必须在1000~65535之间");
                    return;
                }
            }
            int i = CheckMyFriend(txtFriendIp.Text, txtLocalPort.Text);
            if (i != -1)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("该好友已经在列表中");
            }
            else
            {
                ListViewItem friendItem = new ListViewItem(
                    new string[] { txtFriendIp.Text, txtFriendPort.Text, "是" });
                lvMyFriend.Items.Add(friendItem);
                //向对方发送连接信息
                SendMessage(txtFriendIp.Text, txtFriendPort.Text, "connect", "哈哈，我上线了");
            }
        }

        private void btnSendMessage_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (lvMyFriend.SelectedItems.Count > 0)
            {
                //可以群发
                for (int i = 0; i < lvMyFriend.SelectedItems.Count; i++)
                {
                    if (lvMyFriend.SelectedItems[i].SubItems[2].Text == "是")
                    {
                        string remoteIpString = lvMyFriend.SelectedItems[i].SubItems[0].Text;
                        string remotePortString = lvMyFriend.SelectedItems[i].SubItems[1].Text;
                        SendMessage(remoteIpString, remotePortString, "message", txtSendMessage.Text);
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("请先选择发送的好友", "提示");
            }
        }

        private void btnStartTimer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            secondWatch.Reset();
            int i;
            if (int.TryParse(txtTimeInterval.Text, out i) == true)
            {
                if (i < 0)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("刷新间隔必须是正整数", "范围不正确");
                }
                else
                {
                    tmSecond.Enabled = true;
                    secondWatch.Start();
                    btnStartTimer.Enabled = false;
                    btnStopTimer.Enabled = true;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("刷新间隔必须是正整数", "范围不正确");
            }
        }

        private void btnStopTimer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            tmSecond.Enabled = false;
            secondWatch.Stop();
            txtTimeStatus.Text = "已经停止定时刷新";
            btnStartTimer.Enabled = true;
            btnStopTimer.Enabled = false;
        }

        private void tmSecond_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (secondWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000 == int.Parse(txtTimeInterval.Text))
            {
                txtTimeStatus.Text = "刷新";
                tmSecond.Stop();
                secondWatch.Reset();
                for (int i = 0; i < lvMyFriend.Items.Count; i++)
                {
                    string remoteIpString = lvMyFriend.Items[i].SubItems[0].Text;
                    string remotePortString = lvMyFriend.Items[i].SubItems[1].Text;
                    SendMessage(remoteIpString, remotePortString, "check", "看看你还在线没？");
                }
                tmSecond.Start();
                secondWatch.Start();
            }
            else
            {
                txtTimeStatus.Text = string.Format("{0}", secondWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds / 1000);
            }
        }

        private void frmP2P_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            tcpListener.Stop();
        }

    }
}

实现效果如下