SpringMVC项目请求(请求映射路径)

SpringMVC是web层的框架，主要的作用是接收请求、接收数据、响应结果，分成四部分内容:

• 请求映射路径
• 请求参数
• 日期类型参数传递
• 响应json数据

本次介绍的是设置请求映射路径。

1. 环境准备

• 创建一个Web的Maven项目

• pom.xml添加Spring依赖

  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  
  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
    <groupId>com.dcxuexi</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc_03_request_mapping</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
  
    <name>springmvc_03_request_mapping Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>
  
    <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
  
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.15.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
  
    </dependencies>
  
    <build>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.1</version>
          <configuration>
            <port>80</port>
            <path>springmvc</path>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </build>
  </project>
  
  

• 创建对应的配置类SpringMvcConfig和ServletContainersInitConfig

  @Configuration
  @ComponentScan("com.dcxuexi.controller")
  public class SpringMvcConfig {
  }
  

  public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
      @Override
      protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
          return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
      }
  
      @Override
      protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
          return new Class[0];
      }
  
      @Override
      protected String[] getServletMappings() {
          return new String[]{"/"};
      }
  }
  
  

• 编写UserController和CityController

  @Controller
  public class UserController {
  
      @RequestMapping("/select")
      @ResponseBody
      public String select(){
          System.out.println("UserController select ,running .....");
          return "{\"username\":\"xiaochuang\"}";
      }
  
      @RequestMapping("/delete")
      @ResponseBody
      public String delele(){
          System.out.println("UserController delele ,running .....");
          return "user xiaochuang is deleted.";
      }
  }
  

  @Controller
  public class CityController {
  
      @RequestMapping("/select")
      @ResponseBody
      public String select(){
          System.out.println("CityController select ,running .....");
          return "{\"cityName\":\"shanghai\"}";
      }
  
      @RequestMapping("/delete")
      @ResponseBody
      public String delele(){
          System.out.println("CityController delele ,running .....");
          return "city shanghai is deleted.";
      }
  }
  
  

最终创建好的项目结构如下:

把环境准备好后，启动Tomcat服务器，后台会报错:

从错误信息可以看出:

• UserController有一个select方法，访问路径为http://localhost/springmvc/select
• CityController也有一个select方法，访问路径为http://localhost/springmvc/select
• 当访问http://localhost/springmvc/select的时候，到底是访问UserController还是CityController?

2. 问题分析

团队多人开发，每人设置不同的请求路径，冲突问题该如何解决?

解决思路:为不同模块设置模块名作为请求路径前置

对于UserController模块的select,将其访问路径设置http://localhost/springmvc/user/select

对于CityController模块的select,将其访问路径设置http://localhost/springmvc/city/select

这样在同一个模块中出现命名冲突的情况就比较少了。

3. 设置映射路径

步骤1:修改Controller

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/user/select")
    @ResponseBody
    public String select(){
        System.out.println("UserController select ,running .....");
        return "{\"username\":\"xiaochuang\"}";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/user/delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public String delele(){
        System.out.println("UserController delele ,running .....");
        return "user xiaochuang is deleted.";
    }
}

@Controller
public class CityController {

    @RequestMapping("/city/select")
    @ResponseBody
    public String select(){
        System.out.println("CityController select ,running .....");
        return "{\"cityName\":\"shanghai\"}";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/city/delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public String delele(){
        System.out.println("CityController delele ,running .....");
        return "city shanghai is deleted.";
    }
}

启动Tomcat服务器:

问题是解决了，但是每个方法前面都需要进行修改，写起来比较麻烦而且还有很多重复代码，如果/user后期发生变化，所有的方法都需要改，耦合度太高。

步骤2:优化路径配置

优化方案:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/select")
    @ResponseBody
    public String select(){
        System.out.println("UserController select ,running .....");
        return "{\"username\":\"xiaochuang\"}";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public String delele(){
        System.out.println("UserController delele ,running .....");
        return "user xiaochuang is deleted.";
    }
}

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/city")
public class CityController {

    @RequestMapping("/select")
    @ResponseBody
    public String select(){
        System.out.println("CityController select ,running .....");
        return "{\"cityName\":\"shanghai\"}";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public String delele(){
        System.out.println("CityController delele ,running .....");
        return "city shanghai is deleted.";
    }
}

注意:

• 当类上和方法上都添加了@RequestMapping注解，前端发送请求的时候，要和两个注解的value值相加匹配才能访问到。
• @RequestMapping注解value属性前面加不加/都可以

扩展小知识:

对于PostMan如何觉得字小不好看，可以使用ctrl+=调大，ctrl+-调小。

项目代码

• gitee 代码下载

• github 代码下载