133:The Dole Queue

The Dole Queue

Time limit: 3.000 seconds

In a serious attempt to downsize (reduce) the dole queue, The New National Green Labour Rhinoceros Party has decided on the following strategy. Every day all dole applicants will be placed in a large circle, facing inwards. Someone is arbitrarily chosen as number 1, and the rest are numbered counter-clockwise up to N (who will be standing on 1's left). Starting from 1 and moving counter-clockwise, one labour official counts off k applicants, while another official starts from N and moves clockwise, counting m applicants. The two who are chosen are then sent off for retraining; if both officials pick the same person she (he) is sent off to become a politician. Each official then starts counting again at the next available person and the process continues until no-one is left. Note that the two victims (sorry, trainees) leave the ring simultaneously, so it is possible for one official to count a person already selected by the other official.

 

Input

Write a program that will successively read in (in that order) the three numbers (N, k and m; k, m > 0, 0 < N < 20) and determine the order in which the applicants are sent off for retraining. Each set of three numbers will be on a separate line and the end of data will be signalled by three zeroes (0 0 0).

 

Output

For each triplet, output a single line of numbers specifying the order in which people are chosen. Each number should be in a field of 3 characters. For pairs of numbers list the person chosen by the counter-clockwise official first. Separate successive pairs (or singletons) by commas (but there should not be a trailing comma).

 

Sample input

 

10 4 3
0 0 0

 

Sample output

␣␣4␣␣8,␣␣9␣␣5,␣␣3␣␣1,␣␣2␣␣6,␣10,␣␣7

这道题看起来挺简单的，就直接去模拟就行，但是写的时候还是遇到了不少问题，这是最初的代码，超时。。。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 21;
int choosen[maxn];
int main(){
    int n,k,m;
    while((scanf("%d %d %d",&n,&k,&m)) == 3 && n){
        int left = n,a = 0,b = n+1;
        choosen[0] = 1;
        while(left){
            int cnt = 0;
            while(cnt < k){
                a++;
                if(!choosen[a % (n+1)]) cnt++;
            }
            int ac = a % (n+1);
            left--;
            printf("%3d",ac);
            cnt = 0;
            while(cnt < m){
                if(b == 1) b = 11;
                b--;
                if(!choosen[b]) cnt++;
            }
            if(b != ac){
                left--;
                choosen[b] = 1;
                printf("%3d",b);
            }
            choosen[ac] = 1;
            !left ? putchar('\n') : putchar(',');
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

应该是这段循环的问题：

            while(cnt < k){
                a++;
                if(!choosen[a % (n+1)]) cnt++;
            }

每次改变 a 都要判断两次，可以将里面换成一个循环，这样 cnt 只需要判断 k 次，同时每次改变 a 后都立即取余，否则 a 很大的时候计算余数应该也很浪费时间，修改如下，顺利AC。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 21;
int choosen[maxn];
int main(){
    int n,k,m;
    while((scanf("%d %d %d",&n,&k,&m)) == 3 && n){
        int left = n,a = 0,b = n+1;
        memset(choosen,0,sizeof(choosen));
        choosen[0] = 1;
        while(left){
            int cnt = k;
            while(cnt--){
                do{
                    a = (a+1) % (n+1);
                }while(choosen[a]);
            }
            left--;
            printf("%3d",a);
            cnt = m;
            while(cnt--){
                do{
                    if(b == 1) b = n + 1;
                    b--;
                }while(choosen[b]);
            }
            if(b != a){
                left--;
                choosen[b] = 1;
                printf("%3d",b);
            }
            choosen[a] = 1;
            !left ? putchar('\n') : putchar(',');
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

这是刘汝佳的代码，其中主要的不同就是如何将 b 从 1 转化成 n，书上是这样解决的：

 p = (p + d + n-1)%n + 1

对于 a 没影响，对于 b 的话每次为 1 的话就会转换为 n +1，不用每次都去判断，非常巧妙。

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 21;
int n,k,m,choosen[maxn];
int go(int p,int d,int t){
    while(t--){
        do{
            p = (p + d + n-1)%n + 1;//这个地方很巧妙
        }while(choosen[p] == 0);
    }
    return p;
}
int main(){
    while((scanf("%d %d %d",&n,&k,&m)) == 3 && n){
        int left = n,a = n, b = 1;
        for(int i = 1;i <= n;i++){
            choosen[i] = i;
        }
        while(left){
            a = go(a,1,k);
            b = go(b,-1,m);
            choosen[a] = 0;
            left--;
            printf("%3d",a);
            if(b != a){
                choosen[b] = 0;
                left--;
                printf("%3d",b);
            }
            if(left) putchar(',');
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    return 0;
}